European Management

Generally, there are two types of customers in the wedding band business. One of them is a couple who is getting engaged or getting married and therefore needs a wedding band to wear it life-long; the second type of customers is a couple who decides to change their wedding bands and buy a new one. 1. 1 Description of Values, Strategy, Mission & Vision, and Actual Business & In this part of our work we give you the description of the company in the general meaning, as well as its values, vision and mission. Moreover, we analyze its actual usiness and management model.Every company in the world should have its own values. It means that companies are guided by some principles and internal conducts. Moreover, all of the companies are connected to their customers, partners, shareholders, and etc. In order to attract or influence those stakeholders companies usually state their vision and mission (BusinessDictionary, n. d. ). The values of the company Rubin Alyans are gold wedding bands an d solitaire rings. Those products are very important for the company and also for the buyers as they are the customers of the companys customers, the so- called end-users.Traditionally in many countries married couples wear wedding bands to show or announce to the world that they are married. The fact that the company value is also a multicultural sign decides any action and strategy. Another value of the company is there special packages as including nice presents for the couples. The strategy of this company is highly sensitive on the quality of the products because its products are mostly worn during the day and night, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. There is no other product that a person wears on him or her such a long time. The vision of the company is much more competitive.They are lucky to be in a competition in which other companies compete with their price and not many of them have a strange and unpredictable vision. So the company would like to stay with their competitiv e advantages, increase them in the future. Their future vision is also to grow, therefore first become a mid-sized and then a big-sized company in order to expand also more into foreign countries; to increase the possibility of targeting new countries more easily due to financial terms. The company mission is to produce and sell wedding bands to the couples that they can wear lifelong without any complaints.The way to success in their business is to make the high quality wedding band with the elegance and simple design. The simplicity of the ring is important because for many people it is difficult to choose the wedding ring which they would admire forever. Those who decide and buy the product know very well that the choice is very important. Besides all of the strategies and marketing plans, the most important function in Jewellery business is that the product has a change value as it is operating in the gold business. The accuracy that you mark inside the ring should be correct wi th the ring's.Better to explain by an example: When you mark 14K in the ring the accuracy should be 585 which is the gram percentage of the gold in 1 kg. If it is less than the marked one, it has a serious penalty and besides everything mentioned, whatever we do we always have to be sure of the gold accuracy of ring. 1. 1. 2 Actual Business Model This company fills rather the criteria of an actual business model than of a traditional business model due to the following reasons. 2 The process of creating golden rings is based on market needs, so to say on the actual demands of customers.The customers demand for the rings and therefore, edding bands are developed, created, and at least produced. Hence, the demand for brand capital is high. We can see a customer-focus because they are those who decide how their final wedding ring will look like. The wedding rings are created according to the customers. To be aware of the need of customization in this business is a very important factor to be successful in the gold industry. It is also possible to imply that there is a high demand for human capital.

Mass Incarceration in the United Kingdom

our site – SOCIAL SCIENCE DISSERTATION – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING Introduction The United Kingdom has recently witnessed an increase in the number of prisoners incarcerated. The first surge occurred during Prime Minister Thatcher’s reign. Running a prison became a business, when the first privately run institution opened in the United Kingdom, in 1992 (Panchamia 2012). The increased need for spaces due to higher rate of imprisonment led to the emergence of the prison-industrial complex, whereby people were incarcerated without a mechanism for reintegrating them back to the society. Prisons became contracted out, and the influence of the government was reduced. As Panchamia (2012) concludes, ten percent of the prisons in the United Kingdom and Wales are currently contracted out. Davis (1998: 3) states: â€Å"while government-run prisons are often in gross violation of international human rights standards, private prisons are even less accountable†. The emergence of these prison-industrial complexes is attributed to the criminological theory, hinged on the conflict theory, arguing that t there is a struggle between different groups (Akers 1979: 527).Crime is perceived as a function of the conflict within any society based on Marxist theory, calmingthat social and economic situations facilitate criminal activities. This paper argues that the emergence of the prison-industrial complex in England and Wales was attributed to mass incarceration, the lack of effective social policy, and early interventions. Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is characterized by the removal of people from communities and taking them to prisons. (Newburn 2002: 165). Sparks and McNeill (2009) define mass incarceration as restricting the freedom of a group of people, subjecting them to surveillance and regulation, while increasing their dependency. According to a recent publication by Wacquant (2001), the plain aim of prison complexes and mass incarceration is to segregate people. The author goes further, and compares prisons with Ghettos. Focusing in the American context, the article highlights the impact of class segregation on the demographics of prison population. The above argument is powerful, as both prisons and ghettos are considered to be places extremely hard to escape from. The main aim of mass incarceration is to remove the criminal from the neighbourhood to ensure that they are detained. Often this priority means that prisoners are denied rehabilitative facilities (Harnett 2011: 7). As an implication, pris ons become areas for punitive segregation, for the criminals who must be removed from the society. Therefore, most of these prisons are detention centres where people enter a perpetual cycle of incarceration for crimes committed because of their economic need. Davis (1998) states that prisons are not providing adequate solution for crime or social issues. The author goes further, claiming that prisons reflect that racial bias and social injustice of the society. Studying American prison population, the author states that â€Å"the political economy of prisons relies on racialized assumptions of criminality – such as images of black welfare mothers reproducing criminal children – and on racist practices in arrest, conviction, and sentencing patterns† (Davis 1998: 2). The defining features of mass incarceration are that it is characterized by comparatively high number of people in prisons. In Reagan’s United States prosecution patterns and conviction rates increased the proportionate representation of African Americans and Hispanics, as well as those from lower socio-economic statuses (Wacquant 2010, p. 74). This was during the New Deal and Great Society, which contributed a lot towards the increasing trend of mass incarcerations, and the adoption of the prison-industrial complex system that emphasized governance through punitive acts (Downes 2001, p. 62). At the advent of economic reforms introduced by Britain’s Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, the rising rate of unemployment hit the working class the most. With the labour market in crisis,urban areas had to bear the burden of the high proportion of lower class and unemployed population. As social issues increased, the government resorted to the creation of a prison-industrial complex, to deal with the people that suffered most (Wehr 2015, p. 6). The newly created prison-industrial complex that emphasized mass incarceration was based on cultural bias and social injustice (Sparks and McNeill, 2009). These institutions symbolised thee society’s thoughts and prejudice, suggesting that the degradation of a person may be a way to solve the social conflict. As a result, the British society started to increasingly rely on criminological theories to support mass incarceration of the lower classes, whereby the prison-industrial complexes become a large enterprise for the state. Democracy, Inclusion and Social Policy It is worth noting that mass incarceration in England and Wales led to the economic and social exclusion of people within the prisons. This segregation and incarceration endangered democracy (Sparks and McNeill, 2009). In line with the conflict criminological theory, mass incarceration of offenders who mostly belong to a particular race or class enhanced the structures of oppression and privilege (Van 2007, p. 189). This occurred when mass incarceration gave undue advantage to one group as opposed to another. Today, both in the United States and the United Kingdom, it is evident that people of colour or lower classes are disproportionally overrepresented within the prison-industrial complex. While the mass prison complex created privilege to higher classes, it created a situation whereby the victims were stigmatized, criminalized, and did not enjoy the privileges of democracy and inclusion. The economic and social drivers of mass incarceration are explained by Downes (2006), who co nfirms that there is an inverse relationship between a state’s spending on welfare and imprisonment rates. Mass incarceration also hindered democracy by preventing means through which people could share ideas or communication (Young 2000, p. 208). An incarcerated person experienced political disempowerment and a lack of influence, power, while he became extremely dependent on the prison complex (Travis 2002, p. 19). Despite several attempts of inclusion, provision for rehabilitation, training, and work opportunities, current social policies have not been successful in reinstating the equal representation of lower classes, and the mass incarceration continues. (Reiman 2004, p. 5). Conclusion The above review of publications and research studies, it is evident that the conflict theory accurately explains the emergence of mass incarceration during the reign of Thatcher in the United Kingdom, and Reagan in the United States. Historically, the upper class, that was more advantaged socially, economically and politically created laws and policies that increasingly criminalized the less powerful, creating a policy of segregation. Increased incarceration within the prison-industrial complex removed people who were not wanted. Apart from enhancing exclusion and stifling democracy, it helped the powerful class to maintain its influence, wealth and position within the society. Bibliography Akers, R.L., 1979. Theory and ideology in Marxist criminology. Criminology, 16(4), pp.527- Davis, A. (1998). Masked racism: Reflections on the prison industrial complex. Color Lines, 1(2), 11-13. Downes, D., 2001. The Macho Penal Economy Mass Incarceration in the United States-A European Perspective. Punishment & Society, 3(1), pp.61-80. Downes, D. (2006). Welfare and punishment – The relationship between welfare spending and imprisonment. Hartnett, S. J. 2011. Challenging the prison-industrial complex: activism, arts, and educational alternatives. Urbana, University of Illinois Press. Newburn, T. 2002. Atlantic crossings: ‘Policy transfer’ and crime control in the USA and Britain. Punishment & Society, 4(2), pp. 165-194. Panchamia, N., 2012. Competition in prisons. Institute for Government, http://www. Instituteforgovernment. org. uk/sites/default/files/publications/Prisons, 2. Reiman, J. H. 2004. The rich get richer and the poor get prison: ideology, class, and criminal justice. Boston, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Sparks, R. and McNeill, F., 2009. Incarceration, social control and human rights. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY Project on SocialControl and Human Rights Travis, J. 2002. Invisible Punishment: An Instrument of Social Exclusion (From Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, P 15-36, 2002, Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds.). Van der Linden, H. 2007. Democracy, racism and prisons. Charlottesville, Va, Philosophy Documentation Center. Wacquant, L., 2010. Class, race & hyperincarceration in revanchist America. Daedalus, 139(3), pp.74-90. Wacquant, L., 2001. Deadly symbiosis: When ghetto and prison meet and mesh. Punishment & Society, 3(1), pp.95-133. Wehr, K. 2015. Beyond the prison industrial complex: crime and incarceration in the 21st century. [Place of publication not identified], Routledge. Young, I. M. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero

Mahatma Gandhi For me, a hero is someone who tries to make the world a better place. Christopher Paolini said, â€Å"Without fear there cannot be courage. † I agree there has to be fear before there is courage. Gandhi turned his fear into courage and decided to try to make the world a better place and as a result India gained its independence. It took conquering his fears and being a courageous hero in a peaceful way to be the leader of Indian nationalism during British rule. Gandhi fought for Indian rights. Click any fact to locate it on the web.Click Wrong? to report a problem. Cancel Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was given the holy name Mahatma which means Great Soul. He was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. In 1888, he sailed to England to study at the University College London and then the University of London where he studied Law. In 1893, he accepted a job in South Africa and in 1903 Gandhi opened a law firm in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1906, Gandhi had his first protest in South Africa against anti-Indian laws and two years later he was imprisoned.In 1914, he returned to India where he became leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) supporting a plan using nonviolence to get independence. He was jailed from 1922 until 1924 for conspiracy. He was jailed again in 1930 for breaking India’s Salt Laws. In 1932, Gandhi started his famous â€Å"fast unto death† to protest British support of a new Indian constitution which gave India’s lowest classes, the â€Å"untouchables†, their separate political representation. Gandhi believed this would unfairly divide India's social classes and he believed in equality.In 1942, Gandhi began the nationwide â€Å"Quit India† movement. Five years later, India became independent from the British. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on January 30, 1948 in Birla House in Delhi while at a prayer meeting. Early in his life, after seeing the misery of millions of hi s countrymen, thousands of them dying from starvation, Gandhi gave up all his money and spent his life helping the poor and the oppressed. He was the leader of the Indian nationalist group against the British rule and is commonly known as the father of his country.His strategy of a non-violent protest to get political and social progress has influenced many people. His program of peaceful non-cooperation with the British included boycotts of their goods and institutions which lead to arrests of thousands. In 1945, the British government began negotiations which ended with the formation of the two new independent states of India and Pakistan divided along religious lines. Gandhi was opposed to partition and fasted to try to bring harmony in Calcutta and Delhi. Ghandi once said, â€Å"In a gentle way, you can shake the world. This is exactly what he did. He made positive changes around him using peaceful ways. He also said, â€Å"I do not want to foresee the future. I am concerned w ith taking care of the present. God has given me no control over the moment following. † He did change his present; he changed what was happening during his life. He devoted his life to helping his countrymen gain independence and be treated as equals. This is why I believe Gandhi is a hero; he made the world a better place by being courageous, brave, a leader and a believer in being able to make a difference.

How does the military lifestyle affect the social development and Research Paper

How does the military lifestyle affect the social development and academic motivation of adolescents in high school raised in military families during a time of war - Research Paper Example orted on their nature of adapting new places or rather new environment, control exertions, and how fast they adjust to new environment through institutionalized report toward oneself measures. For the ones who were deaf, there was a questionnaire with the same questions as those asked verbally.The results shows that adolescents living in military families reported hoisted levels of behavior issues as indicated by settled clinical standards. Be that as it may, ponder findings likewise show that control endeavors and maternal help act as critical defensive elements against the improvement of behavior issues and enthusiastic symptoms, whereas to abstain from adapting is related to more prominent enthusiastic symptoms (Marting, et al. 2000). It also shows that, those who are affected directly during the times of war are depressed and they are performing poorly in school. Descriptive statistics are utilized to portray the fundamental gimmicks of the data in a study. They give straightforward rundowns about the specimen and the measures. Together with straightforward graphics investigation, they structure the premise of essentially every quantitative examination of data. They are typically extracted from inferential statistic. It is the idea of one number that summarizes the whole measurement. Taking the gender and age as our demographic variable of the adolescents, let X denote the number of boys who were in the sample of adolescents and Y denote the number of girls in that sample. X +Y equals to the whole sample which was taken randomly as per the rules of random sampling. In central tendency, the median is the number that is at the middle of all the measurements or rather is the number at which half the measurement are exceeding that number and the other half are less than that number. The sample has to be arranged in ascending or descending order, then the number at the middle is the median. The descriptive statistics brings out the behavior of the variables

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Econ - Essay Example Ontario, a significant province of Canada, has pathetically been suffering from the clutches of income inequality post the global financial recession. Per capita income in Canada has actually reduced y a massive $6,900 in the year 2009-2010 than what it had been in 2008-2009. It is widely being noted that the province would continue to endure its sufferance as long as the domestic industrial units decide to break out of their stagnant situation. Furthermore, the rate of unemployment in the nation is high as are the extents of looming poverty and high-school drop-out rates in the economy. Ontario’s Task Force has been striving hard to figure out the true picture of the nation in terms of economic progress, competitiveness and productivity. In addition, the committee is also researching upon the ways through which positive changes could be brought about in the nation. Although Canada has emerged out of a recessionary phase, as being claimed by the national government, the aftermath impact of the same has not been eradicated completely. According to the ninth annual report being presented by the Task Force, the rate of economic progress of the region is still much lower than that during the pre-recessional period. The brunt is especially intense upon Ontario which is both the commercial capital and industrial heartland of the nation. The region which is especially dependent upon export revenues is likely to face hardships in future due to a fall in export demands given that the demanding economies still have not recouped from their plight. Its misery is quite anticipated too, as the national government has cut down the targeted rate of economic growth in the next fiscal. Being a victim of hard times, the provincial government is found to be inventing methods to revive the region, which plays a huge role in the economic progress of the nation as a whole, out of

Incident of Morales video Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Incident of Morales video - Assignment Example When Phaust’s management is confronted by the ethical issues involved in hiring a critical person from the rival business the person in charge Chuck replies that Fred is under no non-disclosure agreement with Chemitoil. The ethical implications of such a decision are clear and should be avoided as far as possible. In a similar manner the management at Phaust finds out that Chemitoil is about to release a new paint remover known as â€Å"Easy Strip† so they decide to brand their own product as â€Å"Strip Teasy† which sounds similar to the original product’s name. The contention is to promote sales by blurring out the customer’s brand distinction so that customers going for Chemitoil’s product may accidentally buy Phaust’s product too. This is an ethically repugnant method to boost sales and represents an ethical dilemma even if the legal department allow it. Once the plant was cleared for construction, it was situated in Mexico in orde r to take clear advantage of the more lax environmental laws. The implementation of less stringent environmental laws would allow Phaust to construct the plant at a far lower cost than the cost of construction in the United States. While this would benefit Phaust in the short and long run but such a decision would be very detrimental to the interests of many stakeholders in Mexico such as labour unions, people living in the adjacent localities, workers working at the plant amongst others. It was Phaust’s ethical responsibility to evaluate its decision and to match up salaries, environmental protection and the like before creating a plant in Mexico because ethical constraints demand as such. As the construction of the plant proceeds the construction team is faced with the decision of lining the evaporating ponds in order to discourage the infiltration of hazardous substances to drinking water nearby. There are no environmental protection laws in Mexico to supplant or require s uch a commitment but it was the ethical responsibility of the construction team to ensure that the local drinking water supply was not affected by their actions. Failure to comply with ethical standards in order to curb costs reflects on the low ethical standards employed at Phaust. Moreover Phaust is represented as possessing a culture of speed over safety. Though upper management might feel that this stratagem would promote efficacy and reduce waste but the implications are opposite to the desired effects. The promotion of speed forced Fred to design a conventional plant using conventional design pressures and temperatures. Forcing the design team beyond their means in order to save time was an unethical violation of norms at Phaust. This in turn forced the construction and design teams to work up a design that was not up to the job as the new product from Chemitoil was analysed. The construction phase of the plant was filled up with unethical conduct as well. The procurement of e xpensive control systems from a person related to the higher management at Phaus is a clear violation of the code of ethics for engineering procurement. Utilising the money in one such section would drain the construction in other places and the video shows this clearly as it proceeds. Similarly the uncalled for budget cuts across the board were uncalled for and unethical to say the least as not formal assessments or evaluations were undertaken to determine the amount of cuts required. The removal of

Pyschology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pyschology - Essay Example It emphasises on the importance of evolutionary origins as reasons for our behavioural and anthropological responses. There might not even be a difference between reason and instinct as early philosophers like Aquinas and Hume set out to prove. May be just maybe the terms are interchangeable. He goes on to explain how the phenomena of linking biology with psychology revists the five basic principles of psychology. 3. " your conscious experience can mislead you into thinking that our circuitry is simpler that it really is. Most problems that you experience as easy to solve are very difficult to solve -- they require very complicated neural circuitry" The author believes that these five principles are the " tools for thinking about psychology, which can be applied to any topic: sex and sexuality, how and why people cooperate, whether people are rational, how babies see the world, conformity, aggression, hearing, vision, sleeping, eating, hypnosis, schizophrenia and on and on." This for him this links many areas of study into one ,i.e. the study of evolutionary psychology. The author tries to bring in the views of Darwin who believed a lot in the evolutional psychology of mankind. He agrees with Darwin's views on "adaptation driven by natural selection" and "common descent". He also cites Dawkins and Williams in their support for the idea that "natural selection is the only component of the evolutionary process that can introduce complex functional organization in to a species' phenotype". He goes on to say that our "selections" for reproduction are natural and we are programmed to choose the best looking mate out there for procre ation. 4. Did the author address any contrary evidence or the opinions/work of others that run counter the author(s) claims He refers to the works of Aquinas and Hume saying that the position before the theory of Darwin came out was that there was a " a common view among philosophers and scientists that the human mind resembles a blank slate, virtually free of content until written on by the hand of experience." He quotes Aquinas as saying "there is

Career as a Registered Practical Nurse (Canada) Research Paper

Career as a Registered Practical Nurse (Canada) - Research Paper Example As Pandit (2011) states, â€Å"being a registered nurse is beneficial for a long-term career.† Working as a registered practical nurse is a challenging and rewarding task in Canada. People like to choose the profession of registered practical nursing because it injects the sense of social responsibility in their minds, as well as helps them serve humanity in an appropriate manner. The profession of registered practical nursing requires a person to have a deep interest and effective nursing skills in order to be successful in this field. An interest in the field of medical science and 20 years experience in healthcare as a Personal Support Worker in long-term care, home care and Hospice Palliative care best match the profession of registered practical nursing. Skills in long-term care and hospice palliative care reflect actual nursing role of a registered practical nurse. A registered practical nurse also needs to have a caring and sympathetic personality along with other nursing and clinical skills. According to VandeCreek (2000), love and healing are such intangibles, which are imperative for a patient’s recovery (p. 48). Moreover, he/she should also have a deep knowledge of nursing and direct clinical practices. Such qualities and skills are the perfect match for a person who wants to establish his/her career as a registered practical nurse. There are two main ways for a person to become a registered nurse. First way is a Bachelor’s degree in nursing. A Bachelor’s degree (BSN) is the most common way that people use to earn the status of a registered nurse. A person has to spend full four years as a nursing student to earn this degree and become a registered practical nurse. This degree helps a person get additional clinical experience, as well as career flexibility. Another positive aspect of a BSN degree is that it prepares nurses for clinical practices and for teaching and

Calculations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Calculations - Assignment Example 352,000 Purchases ?150,000 Opening Inventory ?65,000 Cost of Goods Available for Sale ?215, 000 Less Closing inventory ?70, 000 Cost of Goods Sold ?145, 000 Gross Profit ?207, 000 Property depreciation (5% using straight line method) ?5100 Plant and equipment depreciation (20% ) ?19500 Distribution cost ?58,000 Dividends paid ?12, 000 Administrative expenses outstanding ?4,500 Less distribution costs prepaid ?10, 000 Total Expenses ?77100 Net Profit before Tax ?129900 Corporation tax (22%) ?17500 Net Income ?112,400 c) Statement of financial position Julyfest Limited Balance Sheet for the year ended 31st May 2012 ASSETS Current Assets Inventory 70,000 Cash and cash equivalents 63,500 Account Receivables 87,000 Prepaid distribution cost 10,000 Total Current Assets 230,500 Fixed Assets Property 102,000 Cost of plant and equipment 98,000 Less Accumulated Depreciation 30,000 Total Fixed Assets 170,000 TOTAL ASSETS 400,500 LIABILITIES Current Liabilities Trade payables 37,000 Interest Unp aid Bond 6,500 Taxes 17,500 Purchases 150,000 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Equity shares 100,000 Retained Profits 59,500 Share premium 30,000 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 400,500 Task Two Statement of cash flows provides important information to those using it as it provides information about the out flows and inflows that have taken place in a certain financial year or within a specific period of time (Baker 2005). The main importances of statement of cash flow are as discussed below. First statement of cash flows enables users to identify as well as understand the sources from which the funds used in the business during a specific period as the uses into which these funds were used (Philips 2008). Other financial statements such as balance sheet and trial balances are not able show sources of funds as well uses into which these finances were put into use (Baker 2005). Statement of cash flow also plays an important role in enhancing management of businesses as w ell as management of business resources (Baker 2005). It also enhances planning of business funds as well as ensuring that business cash flows (outflows and inflows) conform to each other (Tailor 2003). This is as opposed to other financial statements such as balance sheet which only shows assets and liabilities of business. Balance sheet cannot account for both cash outflows and cash inflows. Another importance of statement of cash flow is that it shows how efficient an organization is able to generate income (cash inflows) from its operation (Baker 2005). Other financial statements such as balance sheet which only shows assets and liabilities of business but cannot show shows how efficient an organization is able to generate income (cash inflows) from its operation (Philips 2008). Another importance of cash to those whose use it is that it is a report of funds that have been used during a specific period of time for various business activities (both short term and long term) such organization’s long term investment (Baker 2005). This information can also be shown by balance sheet. Another importance of cash to those whose use it is that it is a report of funds that have been received by the business during a specific period of time from various business activities such as debentures, share issue and loans among others (Baker

Building an Innovation Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building an Innovation Strategy - Assignment Example This theory clearly states that there are stages of adoption of innovation, which starts with awareness, followed by interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption (Rogers, 2010). Rogers also suggested that there are factors affecting diffusion of innovation. These include innovativeness, risk-taking and age, resistance to change, innovative attitudes and values (Rogers, 2010). In other words, innovation cannot easily be gained, because it is affected by some individual or personal characteristics (Rogers, 2010). If personal characteristics are directed towards the same goal that will lead to the successful implementation of innovation, then at some point, Rogers’ idea will guarantee us of the achievement of innovativeness linked to risk-taking behavior and age, and the level of resistance to change, and innovative attitudes and values. In reality, the level of innovativeness of every individual varies. There are individuals who are earlier in adopting an innovation compare d to the other members within the entire social systems. Based on the idea of Rogers, this variation will be a remarkable barrier to successful implementation of innovation, because not everyone will have to hold on to the same level of innovativeness. Innovativeness simply is about opportunity at some point or to which it is being presented first. However, not all individuals have the same level of risk-taking behaviors and even age. According to Roger, this factor will have to matter because older managers are less likely to take risks as empirically observed. Even people are also hesitant to accept transition, such as acceptance of new technology as the effect. This is a remarkable manifestation of the individual’s nature to resist change. Finally, there are situations that influenced people attitudes or values because of certain situations. According to Rogers, these are remarkable factors that will influence the level of innovation that will take place in an organization . However, contrary to the idea of Rogers, Joseph Schumpeter argued that innovation can be seen as â€Å"creative destruction† waves allowing it to restructure the entire market for the advantage of those who are able to grasp discontinuities faster (McCraw, 2009). In other words, this theory establishes the point that capitalists have continued enhancement of the existing structure, by administering it, but this can only possibly bring the idea of the cycle between creation and destruction. There is therefore a cycle of things concerning innovation if one will take into account the idea of Schumpeter. This may therefore place some certain firms in â€Å"Open Innovation† by which there is a dominant element of becoming flexible in the use of several business models (Hafkesbrink, Hoppe and Schlichter, 2010). The above concepts and theories closely illustrate the success factors for people and innovation. Next to this point is concerning the organisation design models th at drive innovation. Any effective organizational design models that exist at present are good at aligning business strategies and objectives to guarantee that resources are efficiently

How is Cannery Row like a Tide Pool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

How is Cannery Row like a Tide Pool - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the starfish prey on mussels whereas gulls break open the sea urchins and feed on the starfish. The black bears also sometimes feed on the intertidal creatures when the tides are low. However, as much as the organisms must avoid the strong currents, wave, sun and predators to survive, they also rely on the constant changes in the pools for food. The creatures that thrive in the tide pool cannot survive on their own. There is some kind of interdependence among the various organisms, where each relies on the other for survival according to Halpern. This way of life in the tide pools have attracted special attention of philosophical writers such as John Steinbeck, marine biologists and naturalists.  This paper outlines that the life structures in the tide pools directly relate to the social structures of the Cannery Row. The mussels and limpets occupy the lowest status at the bottom of the pool whereas the starfish that prey on them and the eels that hide in crevices occupy a status above them. Hermit crabs who are always on the look out for empty shells that might be bigger than the ones they have also occupy the bottom of the sea. However, this structure is often silenced when the tides come back in but begin all over again when the tides move back and the ocean draws back.  The story of the Cannery Row revolves around the people left behind when the Cannery had closed. Mack and his friends (the boys) occupy the lowest status at the bottom end of the social structure just as the mussels.

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay Example for Free

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay Both novels, the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and the El Filibusterismo, (The Filibuster) inspired by the patriotic ideals of national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, depict the abuses suffered by the native indios at the hands of Spanish tyrants. The Noli paints us an ugly, yet clear picture of the so-called social cancer that deteriorates the society. The first of those two masterfully-crafted works, the Noli lays the most liberal, realistic and fearless view of the countrys well-being during the 300-year Spanish regime. It illustrates the rotten system of governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable trade of the privilege class. The Noli also relates how the government, the church and the privilege class manipulate the people. The government deprives the youth of education and how they use the peoples ignorance to their advantage. The treacherous friars by means of God and faith controlled the people, making them dummies of all sorts. On the other hand, the privilege class used their elite status to get ahead of everybody, by hook or by crook employing the me first attitude. In the Noli, the weak and disposed seemingly lose hope resulting to unfortunate deaths (as the case Pilisopo Tasyo) and sometimes insanity. (as the case of Sisa) Hence the oppressed formed a brotherhood that hopes to liberate the country by use of force. To no avail, due to disorganization and lack of arms, each and every attempt at resistance failed. In Noli, the character of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra was introduced, an intelligent and promising young man who has high hopes of changing the course of the country.

Same sex marriage

Same sex marriage Same sex marriage is also referred to as the gay marriage or homosexual marriage. These kinds of marriages occur between two people who have similar gender characteristics. They are not as popular as the heterosexual form of marriage though their popularity has grown tremendously in the recent past. Again, the widely accepted definition of marriage does not exclude these marriages. According to the definition, marriage is a union of two individuals who are in love with each other. In some countries, they are legal but in other countries they are taken as immoral and should be punished or wiped from the society. For example many African countries are against this form of marriage due to their strict traditions. In countries like Kenya, Muslims who practice this form of marriage are likely to be subjected to mob violence. In the past, gay marriages where not recognized but due to the social changes in the society today some countries (states) have constitutionally recognized them. This essay focuses on the major reasons as to why some countries support this form of marriages while at the same time other countries demonize and reject them. There are both social and legal reasons as to why some countries like Canada, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and some states in U.S among other countries support same sex marriages (Belgie 1). One of these legal reasons is the constitution which advocates every individuals right to marry whether gay or not. Again, denying same sex partners the right to marry may be interpreted to be discrimination against the minority. This is considering that they are not hurting anyone of the larger society. Studies have also continually indicated that people who get married are better off (emotionally, financially, psychologically and mentally). Based on this fact, same sex marriages will ultimately benefit the partners along the specified lines. From another perspective, they play a very vital role in helping individuals drop sexual lifestyle characterized by high risks. They are also allowed because they generally help in stabilizing the society. This is because stable families are believed to be t he cornerstone to a stable society. There are numerous reasons as to why gay marriages are still considered illegal in many countries. Firstly it is believed that the main objective in marriage is procreation and it is true that same sex couples cannot make babies. They are prohibited because many feel that they threaten the marriage institution. This is because some people are likely leave their partners and engage into the gay practices. Another reason is that gay marriages offend everything that religion stands for. This is because most of the biblical studies advocate for heterosexual form of marriages. Many also feel that the legalization of gay marriages would legitimize homosexuality in the society which spell a new locus in regard to family and society. Many people also feel that the legalization of gay marriages would promote homosexuality in the public schools. This is because marriage is one of the basics taught in school and it legalization would not only inform the children about homosexuality but also enc ourage them into practicing it. The legalizing of the homosexual marriages is highly discouraged by some societies because they fear that it will erode its heterosexual cultural beliefs in the society. Many gay individuals have been pushing for the legalization of this behavior however many governments have rejected them. In U.S, states like California, New York, Rhode Island, Washington D.C, Massachusetts and New Mexico have legalized same sex marriages (Vestal 1). Others are expected to follow suit as the trend gains popularity. This has been heightened by the fact that some of renowned public figures have stood out in their support. Many should however note that gay marriages have both merits and demerits. It may be the countries which have legalized find it advantageous to the society. Works cited Vestal, Christine. Gay marriage legal in six states, April 08, 2009. Retrieved on 15th February, 2010, from http://www.stateline.org/live/details/story?contentId=347390

Controlling the Spread of Disease

Controlling the Spread of Disease Cholera Cholera is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, which contaminates food and drinking water This bacterium infects the small intestines with a toxin called CTX , which in turn causes severe diarrhoea Normally present in coastal waters, attaching to crustaceans known as copepods which are found in plankton rich environments (WordPress, 2014). This bacteria does not always make people ill however, this bacteria may come out in stools, which can contaminate the water supply When vibrio cholerae enters the human body toxic poisons are released, causing diarrhoea The nutrients in the water enables provides ideal condition for the bacteria to multiply Prevention To prevent contracting cholera use bottled or boiled water when drinking and preparing food and drink Thoroughly washing hands on a regular basis Malaria: a potentially life threatening disease The life cycle of malaria Malaria plasmodium parasites have two hosts; female anopheles females and humans Female anopheles mosquitos infected by malaria parasites Inject sporozites into humans whilst feeding on their blood Sporozites then infect cells within the liver; transforming into thousands of merozoites. These merozites travel out of the liver and then invade the red blood cells; where they multiply forming new merozites Red blood cells then burst; this releases merozites which go on to infect other cells Whilst invading red blood cells merozites can develop into gametocytes; which is the sexual reproductive stage. Gametocytes are sucked up by mosquitos when they are feeding; fusing with gametes to make zygotes in the mosquitos gut Zygotes become fertilised and form motile ookinete; which turn into oocyst, these then multiply producing thousands of sporozoites These then move into the salivary gland of the mosquito after around a week; ready to infect humans So what can be done to protect against malaria? The use of mosquito nets are commonly used to stop mosquitos from biting as well as the use of insect repellent Some medicines are given to people to help prevent the risk of contracting malaria: doxycycline, proguanil with atovaquone, mefloquine; some of which need to be taken for weeks after return (disqus, 2014). Influenza Influenza (flu) is a common viral infection which attacks the nose, throat and lungs (respiratory system) Influenza is air borne and can be transmitted between people if someone has the virus and sneezes, others can inhale this The virus can also be present on objects an infected person has touched Cytokines are produced when the innate immune system starts to respond to the threat these induce responses such as the inflammatory response Lifecycle The flu enters its host and then invades cells within the respiratory system The virus uses its host cell to replicate its DNA; forcing the cell to make copies of the virus This triggers the body’s immune response which sends white blood cells to the area of infection If not stopped the virus can then break free from the host cell allowing it to infect other cells around the body (fitbuff.com, 2009). Prevention Vaccinations are offered to protect against influenza but are not one hundred percent effective Washing hands regularly prevents the spread of infection Athlete’s foot (trichophyton) Trichophyton rubrum causes tinea pedis (athletes foot) which feeds off keratin in the upper layer of the skin, hair and nails Trichophyton rubrum form part of the dermatophytes which is a group of fungi Within four to ten days symptoms appear as a result of body’s inflammatory response; resulting in a red rash on the skin The blistered and itchy skin occurs as a result of the trichophyton reproducing on the skin, particularly they like moist places such as in-between the toes If the fungus infection is not treated it can spread to other areas of the feet such as the toe nails This fungi can be passed from person to person and is prevalent in public showers and swimming pools, where skin particles are left around Symptoms Skin between the toes can burn and become itchy Early treatment is recommended If untreated in the first instance it can cause the skin to become cracked and infected further with bacteria The fungus infection may cause an unpleasant smell Prevention Thoroughly washing feet daily and making sure all areas are completely dry before putting socks on Not wearing socks and shoes where possible to allow air to circulate around the feet Changing socks regularly, this is because fungus can multiply on flakes of skin Bibliography Advameg. (2014). Athletes foot. [online] Available: http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/2/Athlete-s-foot.html. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Bupa. (2014). Malaria – prevention. [online] Available: http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/m/malaria-prevention. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Horizon Primary Care. (2012). The Life Cycle of the Flu. [online] Available: http://horizonprimarycare.com/the-life-cycle-of-the-flu/. Last accessed 24/9/2014> How stuff works. (2014). How Viruses Work. [online] Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/virus-human2.htm. Last accessed 25/9/2014> Interpod Pty Ltd. (2013). What is Tinea Pedis aka Athletes foot? . [online] Available: http://www.interpod.com.au/symptoms/what-is-tinea-pedis-aka-athletes-foot-diagnosis-treatment-and-pain-relief/. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Live strong. (2014). Life Cycle of Influenza. [online] Available: http://www.ehow.com/about_5491671_life-cycle-influenza.html. Last accessed 24/9/2014> malariavaccine. (2014). Life cycle of the malaria parasite. [online] Available: http://www.malariavaccine.org/malvac-lifecycle.php. Last accessed 24/9/2014> malaria.wellcome. (2014). The malaria lifecycle. [online] Available: http://malaria.wellcome.ac.uk/interactive/parasitelifecycle/interactive.html. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2014). Cholera. [online] Available: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/basics/causes/con-20031469. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2013). Influenza (flu). [online] Available: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/basics/definition/con-20035101. Last accessed 24/9/2014> medicalnewstoday. (2013). What Is Cholera? What Causes Cholera?. [online] Available: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/189269.php. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Medline Plus. (2014). Immune response. [online] Available: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm. Last accessed 24/9/2014> MIMS (NZ) Ltd . (2014). What is tinea?. [online] Available: http://www.everybody.co.nz/page-c172a44b-7f65-4de9-99d5-1568036d64c5.aspx. Last accessed 24/9/2014> OurHealthNetwork. (2006). What is athletes foot? . [online] Available: http://www.ourhealthnetwork.com/conditions/FootandAnkle/AthletesFoot.asp. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Patient.co.uk. (2012). Athletes Foot (Tinea Pedis). [online] Available: http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Athletes-Foot-(Tinea-Pedis).htm. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Viral zone. (2011). Bacterial viruses biology pages. [online] Available: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/. Last accessed 24/9/2014> virology. (2009). The inflammatory response. [online] Available: http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/01/the-inflammatory-response/. Last accessed 25/9/2014> WebMD. (2014). Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis):. Available: http://www.webmd.boots.com/foot-care/athletes-foot-tinea-pedis. Last accessed 24/9/2014> Wise Geek. (2014). What Is Trichophyton?. [online] Available: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-trichophyton.htm. Last accessed 24/9/2014> References disqus. (2014). Body odour reveals malarial infection. Available: http://naijanetworknews.com/?p=390. Last accessed 24/9/2014 fitbuff.com. (2009). 10 Swine Flu Symptoms to Watch Out For. [online] Available: http://www.fitbuff.com/10-swine-flu-symptoms-to-watch-out-for/. Last accessed 24/9/2014> WordPress. (2014). Liu Lab Research. Available: http://research.pomona.edu/jane-liu/liu-lab-research/. Last accessed 24/9/2014

The Internet as a New Medium of Communication Essay -- Internet Commun

The internet, a new medium of communication that allows us to communicate over large distances with an impressive outcome, the internet has improved long distance communication with its ever growing means of communicating. In this essay I will elaborate on my understanding on the internet as a new medium of communication, I will also state relevant theories and examples to back up my result. â€Å"The paradigm of the new mode of communication and clearly the emerging infrastructure for the hypermedia environment is networked computing, and in particular, the loose conglomeration of worldwide net worked computer known as the internet† (deibert, p.131). The internet began in the 1970s as a US military experiment, where they designed a computer network called ‘Arpanet’ that would survive a nuclear attack; the primary theory of the network was a distributed form of communication without any central control. The Arpanet eventually became a tool for researching inform ation for the public. In the early 1990’s the internet became a successor to the Arpanet, networked communication had exploded to include private individuals around the world which was linked through the anarchic web of computers, surfing, sharing information and online discussion. The internet then became a phenomenal as everyone from governments to universities, businesses and individuals exploring this medium of communication. The growth of internet users was indescribable as it was now spread worldwide; the internet was now user friendly. The World Wide Web emerged due to the growth of the internet and the revolutionary development, which permits the integration of hyper textual links and multimedia in a single platform. â€Å"In providing globally-networked, hyper textual, ... ...ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2878_1%26url%3D https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2878_1%26url%3D https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=/webapps/blackboard/content/contentWrapper.jsp%3Fattachment%3Dtrue%26navItem%3Dcontent%26content_id%3D_561171_1%26course_id%3D_2878_1%26displayName%3Dthe%2Bworld%2Bwide%2Bweb%2Bof%2Bsurveillance%2540%2Bthe%2Binternet%2Band%2Boff%2Bworld%2Bpower%2Bflows.pdf%26href%3D/%2540%2540/AA8A813A99BD4A059CE4EB843F104663/courses/1/MS2007/content/_561171_1/the%252520world%252520wide%252520web%252520of%252520surveillance%252540%252520the%252520internet%252520and%252520off%252520world%252520power%252520flows.pdf

Cultural Anthropology Article Comparison :: Anthropology Culture Essays

Introduction: Cultural Anthropology is a term that is in everyday lives and topics. When one thinks of anthropology they think of the study of old remnants commonly referred to as archaeology. This, however, is not the only form of anthropology. There are four types of anthropology and they are archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. However, Cultural anthropologists are every where and study people of all walks of life. One can find a topic and find some type of study that an anthropologist has conducted on the matter. The following are five articles that explain how anthropologists are every where. Section: Culture and Fieldwork Chapter: Corporate Anthropologists, page 24 Summary of Article: The article talked about how anthropologists play an important role in the corporate environment. Anthropologists have been working with businesses since the 1930?s, however in the 1980?s this field experienced significant growth. This was due to the ?globalization of business activity and the increased awareness of the importance of culture for business,? (Laabs 24). Cultural anthropology is the study of existing people and corporations find this information useful in trying to understand human behavior within their own organization. ?Business anthropologists have been studying the corporate world for years, on such varied topics as how to encourage more creativity or how best to integrate multicultural learning techniques into an organization?s training program,? (Laabs 25). Most anthropologists who work in the corporate environment do not use the title of anthropologist. There are currently over 200 anthropologists working in this field. The article then gave an account of one ant hropologist?s experience in the corporate environment. The article concludes by saying what corporations think of the value that anthropologists add to the companies and that the role will continue to grow. Anthropologist?s Experience: The anthropologist that contributed to this article was Lorna M. McDougall. She works at Arthur Andersen?s Center for Professional Education, which is located in St. Charles, Illinois. McDougall is ?studying why people from some cultures learn best from lectures, although others learn best through interactive learning,? (Laabs 25). McDougall has played a large part in developing Arthur Andersen?s Business English Language Immersion Training (ELIT) program. This program builds a language skill that allows for communication between two parties where English may be a second language. This program also provides an awareness of each culture?s business ethics. ?The results of her work have helped instructors, who train Andersen consultants working in 66 countries, be better teachers,?

Prize Based Challenges

A Challenge is a proven approach to solving important problems by leveraging large communities of people who can bring new expertise and diverse perspectives to bear. Challenges are an effective tool for our clients to help foster innovation and solve problems as a pay-for-performance resource coupled with world class technical experts. Executing a Prize Based Challenge Our team often employs a two phase approach to executing Prize Based Challenge efforts for our clients.This phased approach allows our clients to launch their open innovation efforts rapidly though two initial ideation challenges and use the results to help tailor the more complex Theoretical challenges in subsequent phases. The structure and timeshare of the three phases of execution for this approach are detailed below. PHASE 1: Ideation Challenges (Day 1 – Day 90) Phase 1 consists of training and planning for the overall effort as well as the execution of two ideation challenges.Ideation challenges are the m ost basic form of prize based challenges which pose a broad question formulated to obtain access to new ideas. Ideation challenges have been used successfully by NASA, AFAR and other DoD clients. There are few constraints on solver submission format (non-technical and non-exclusive licensing given to Seekers for guarantee of one winner per challenge), prize values are generally small (?$5,000 – $10,000).Ideation challenges provide a good opportunity for our clients to at once gather new ideas about an existing problem, familiarize themselves with the challenge process, and create publicity for subsequent follow on challenges. IA – Challenge Development Workshop: Phase 1 will begin with a challenge placement workshop. This day long workshop includes familiarization with the Open Innovation approach, an understanding of the challenge development process and establishing goals/expectations for the challenge outcomes.It also provides an opportunity for BBC/XX Subject Matte r Experts to work together with our clients to brainstorm and formulate the first two Ideation and/or Theoretical (see Phase 2 description of Theoretical) challenges to be launched. Following the workshop the BBC/ICC team will continue to work with the client to finalize the challenge question Roding, make solver channel/publicity decisions, and specify intellectual property treatment for the first challenges.If during the workshop more important technical (non-alteration) challenges are identified as a priority for DES, the BBC/XX team will prioritize those and make recommendations for advancing these challenges in Phase B – Initial Challenges Launch: Once the decisions noted above are complete, the BBC/ICC team posts, publicizes and hosts the initial challenges for a period of 30-60 days (30 days for Ideation and 60 days for Theoretical/technical challenges) on the XX littoral. During this period, the BBC/ICC team provides constant monitoring of the challenge site for activ ity and submissions.The initial ideation challenges generally launch on or about Day 10 after formulation begins. ICC – Evaluation of Submissions: After the 30-60 day posting period, the BBC/ICC team work to categorize, prioritize and rank the solutions submitted by the solver community. BBC/ICC Subject Matter Experts specifically selected for their experience and knowledge of the challenge technical area will evaluate each of the submissions and use criteria established during the Challenge Development Workshop to present a rank ordered set of potential solutions.Ranked solution sets are provided to our clients on or about Day 45 for Ideation and day 75 for theoretical challenges. ID- Award and Close: Following receipt of the solution sets, our clients generally have a period of 7 days to review and select winning solutions for both challenges and determine prize awards. Ideation challenges carry a guaranteed award starting at $5,000, Theoretical challenges are awarded only if specific success criteria is met. The BBC/ICC team engages the distribution of awarded prizes to selected solvers.A close out report on each of the challenges is also completed by the BBC/ICC team and provided to the client. This report includes recommendations for subsequent prize competitions that are executed in Phase 2. Award Distribution and final report are completed 30 days following the closeout of the challenge awards, approximately days 75-105 depending on challenge type. PHASE 2: Follow-on Challenges (Day 91 – Day -210) Phase 2 consists of planning and executing multiple challenges including Theoretical Challenges.Theoretical challenges are a more complex and detailed type of prize based challenge which seeks solutions to more specific technical problems. Theoretical challenges have detailed solution requirements that need to be met for an award and the client evaluates submissions on a theoretical basis. Theoretical challenge awards are traditionally posted at higher dollar value than Ideation challenges and generally start at around $10,000.Awards for Theoretical challenges are not guaranteed, they are paid based on Solvers meeting specific success criteria posted in the challenge statement. The BBC/ICC team works closely with our clients during the challenge formulation process to determine the appropriate dollar value of the prize for each challenge based on the nature of the challenge itself. AAA – Challenge Formulation: Phase 2 begins with a half day planning meeting between BBC/ICC team and our clients to determine the preferred approach to launching the next set of challenges.The team will use the knowledge and insight gained from the initial challenges to further customize the second round of challenges to the goals of their overall open innovation effort. Final decisions on the number, timing, challenge type and other organizational requirements will determine the time frame of completion but should be challenge formulatio n should be complete by Day 100, or 10 days from the beginning of formulation of challenges identified in this Phase. B – Challenges Launch: Following these decisions, the BBC/ICC team posts, publicizes and hosts challenges for a specified period on the XX platform. Because Theoretical challenges are more complex and require more effort from the solver in their submissions, they be hosted for a minimum of 60 days. During this period, the BBC/ICC team will monitor the site activity. Depending on the determinations made during challenge formulation, the challenges can run consecutively or concurrently but Phase 2 challenges should begin launching on or about Day 110. C – Evaluation of Submissions: During and after the posting period, the BBC/ICC team works to categorize, prioritize and rank the solutions submitted by the solver community. BBC/ICC Subject Matter Experts specifically selected for their experience and knowledge of the challenge technical area evaluate each of the bionomist and use criteria established during challenge formulation to present a rank ordered set of potential solutions. Ranked solution sets are provided to the client within 15 days of each challenge close.The ordering and sequence of the challenges in this phase will determine the final date of completion. AD – Award and Close: Following receipt of the solution sets, our clients generally have a period of 30 days to review and select winning solutions for each Theoretical challenge and determine prize awards. Once the client has determined winners and prize allotments, the BBC/ICC team manages the distribution of awarded prizes to selected solvers.

The Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimension Business Essay Essay

This chapter is divided into deuce divisions. The primary section defines refining, its immenseness in instauration(prenominal) seam and the versatile pagan di custodysions for executioning spheri conjurey. The beside section describes the conclusion of India and U.K. and re attends the move of civilisation on the operative of Hilton Hotel Group in two the countries. Finally, it ends with a brief summary. glossHofstede (2003) defines gloss as the collective programme of mind that distinguishes the members of cardinal gracious root from an fakeer(a). It is evident that tidy sum from diverse milieu first baselife misunderstand all(prenominal) some former(a). When two populate interact in an organization, nicety characterizes their behavior and attitude towards others. When a corporation plans to start a put to graze in afield, employees with fair communicating skills and with the ability to admit into new environs ar chosen to travel and inter act with mass of loveive(a) glosss and guinea pigities. (Mead, 1992) This table shows the division of foundations commonwealth according to Region, language and religion which be the written report sights of de full stipulationining singles refining.Taylor (1870) defines destination as that complex whole which includes fellowship, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society. agri acculturation plays a really authorized character in blood line. All civilizations throw its own ethnic elements like language, religion, values, attitude, customs, pedagogics, aesthetics and tender institutions. (Czinkota, 2007) Culture passes from atomic number 53 generation to the other, however it squirt transfer from one group to the other. both society has its own point of view and opinion about(predicate) various situations however, it acts as a barrier to talk. (Daniels, Lee and Sullivan, 2004) heathen DIMENSION SGeert Hofstede, a a good deal know prof carried out the bring of impact of culture on separates at a build push through. It in like mannerk him cardinal years to complete this study as it consists of interviews of much than 100,000 employees from 70 countries. correspond to Hofstede 2004, the UK has 35 points in power distance, 89 in individualism, 66in masculinity, 35 in irresolution escape and 25 in long marches favourence. Power Distance tally to Hofstede, 2004, Inequality exists in every culture however the extremity to which slight issuingive members of the society agree to the inequality differs from one culture to the other. Power distance is link up to the variant solutions to the rudimentary problem of valet de chambre inequality High power creates little communication amongst the bosses and employees whereas when the power is low, employees communicate much than with their superiors for the last make purposes. individuality vs. collectivism- I ndividualism is defines as the talent of a pitying beingness to alone pullulate electric charge of himself- brilliance or his family where as collectivism describes a group of people who look later on each and every member of that group. (Hofstede, 2004)These two dimensions describe the individualist or collectivized culture of a human being. masculinity vs. Femininity The third dimension is one of the close to dominating factors of a culture. Countries where men ar considered to be to a greater extent weapons-grade and tough and women are considered to be to a greater extent delicate and soft follow manly culture where as countries where men and women are considered equal in terms of bearing and tenderness follow feminine culture. (Hofstede, 2004) doubtfulness Avoidance It is the level to which an individual stick out accept sudden alterations and situations. Companies which restrain the end to admit unpredicted helping and loathe uncertainty lease high unc ertainty avoidance score culture whereas countries which channelize things as they come and are alert for all change at both point of season have low uncertainty avoidance score culture. (Hofstede, 2004) commodious term vs. pathetic term taste The fifth dimension known as the Long term vs. short term orientation was discovered quite later by Hofstede with the help of a succeed intended by Chinese scholars. fit to Hofstede (2004), long-term orientation means commission to the future whereas short term orientation is cogitate on the present and past. In long term oriented societies, pragmatism, attention is valued more in short term oriented societies, respect for usance and re arise favours is valued more. rest firm agriculture VERSUS FOREIGN shadeTayeb (1998) says that the decision to pay off intricate in external production line depends, among others, on the size of the come withs interior(prenominal) securities industry, its production electrical capacity and capability, and the financial and other resources that the immaterial market requires. In that demeanor, firms gage be fit(p) on an foreignisation scale ranging from internal single nation tototally worldwideise. The extent to which study culture becomes relevant to a firm can be shown in the following table. The partnership own domicile countrified culture is of high relevance, though the distributers and other employees may non be aware of its define. The relevance of other peoples culture becomes greater for a firm as it spreads its activities and products past its national boundaries to reach foreigners with diverse value t acquitks and tastes (Tayeb 1998). immensity OF CULTURE IN internationalisticisticisticist line of workUnderstanding culture and its impact on international pedigree is very strategic for the firm and its employees. Organizations differ non just now on the basis of international culture but national culture as puff up. According to Ball et al. (1996), doing parentage with another(prenominal)(prenominal) culture is not an easy labor and to be winnerful, every foreign corporation should be aware and follow al about rules that make their transmission line activity more compatible. They recite that in that location are sextuplet rules of thumb for doing bank line in another culture. Even if these can be grand when doing business in the sign of the zodiac field, they become more crucial when going abroad. Johansson (2000) farmings that it should be kept in mind that tied(p) if adaptation to the foreign culture is honest when it comes to future negotiations and co-operations, in that location is a circumscribe for how far a manager should go to try to accommodate this foreign culture. surmise from the other part can be created if for example a manager is severe to adapt to the foreign culture and is doing this piddling and with wish of deeper meaning.This can lead to mistaking and line upn a s matter of insincerity. When a company begins to work outside its national clownish, it encounters various environmental and heathenish changes which is not the eggshell in own country. If one does not understand these heathenish differences, then he readiness to face barriers in the success of the organization orbicularly. (Lane et al, 2001). More international operations lead to more interaction and communication with people and companies working in diametric culture. Therefore, in order to give-up the ghost productively, it is a basic want to understand or have knowledge of unalike cultural attributes and contrast. (Adler 1983). Ferner and Quintanilla (1998), state that companies need to mould as one organisation which face global environment although they are consisted of incompatible subunits which slabber the characteristics of the local environmentthey operate in and the companies excessively bring the cultural elements of the home countries which they originat ed in Since the study of national and international cultures has become of the most acknowledged topic, in that locationfore, it is big to learn culture, its importance and impacts in international business.IMPACT OF CULTURE ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSAccording to the denomination on Cultural impact on international Business, 2011, Culture deflects international business in many ship canal. When culture and business touch on with each other, it directs to the growth of fascinating circumstances or situation. When diverse cultures come unitedly at an ordinary point with business as the podium, the spar is bound to happen. solely most significantly, such circumstances countenance us in becoming addicted to demanding situations. Various societies or nations around the populace pursue contrary motilitys and courtesy. The technique to see a difficulty might vary from country to country in the world. The global business culture, altogether, is an assembly of a variety show of industry tradition, cultural power and the considerateness development followed in different countries. under are discussed the impacts of culture on an international business on the basis of clay language, communication, time and so forthBody LanguageEvery country follows a different culture, which can be clearly rear or seen in the behaviour and carcass language of its people. In order to work internationally, accepting the facts about under sportyh gesture or motion becomes essential. There is likeliness that people can get the untimely impression about the actions of different cultures. Thus, it calls for an complete(a) planner to handle tricky state of affairs for the duration of conference. (Moran et al,2011) communionCommunication is another aspect of culture that impresss the international business. Different countries have different ways of communication. The words and vocabulary used by a few people might sound unkind to others. The pronunciation of nearly words could have a different impact on the cultural ways of communicating in the commercial sector. This can in like manner act as an barricade in the progression of business communication. (Moran et al, 2011) snipThe first thing that comes to mind when we spill the beans about time in business in Punctuality. Britishers and Germans are very timely and follow a time-bound history. The various time-cultures could be one of the major factors for creating differences amongst people from variant ethnicity. Multinational Companies follow a schedule for meetings while doing a business and the way in which meetings are handles could also be the cause of having different point of views. (Moran et al, 2011) It is requisite for corporate houses to understand the social conditions of different countries, to victoriously tap the respective markets. being sensitive to the values and beliefs of different cultures of the world is necessary. (Leung 2005)The marketing executives sent abroad to op erate business out of the country go through various problems and difficulties in trading with the commercial tradition and customs of that country. To target the international market and guests is not an easy task. It requires qualified experts who are skilled and talented to deliver the best of their capability to the clients.CULTURE OF INDIAIndia is a vast country which houses diverse cultures, ethnic groups and races. The immense population of more than a billion people has resulted from invasions, relocations and inter-marriages that took place over the centuries. According to an phrase published in the Inter cognizance Management Review (2012), the various customs and traditions followed by people reflects in the business mores of India. With the advent of technology, the companies have now started to imagine out into international markets. It has consequently helped the human resources and the organizations to get exposed to diverse working environments across nations. India has greatly benefited by this turn of events as the gap in the work culture of India and other nations has gum olibanum diminish to some extent.INDIAN WORK CULTUREFirst and foremost, the Indian etiquette calls for Namaste being a fundamental mode of greeting or saying goodbye. Recently though, education has brought about a reform in this set as men and women now prefer to shake hands. collectable to their politeness and respect towards their guests,Indian people have vexation saying no. This aspect of their temper may act as a hurdle in sealing of contracts or doing negotiations. Paramount respect, courtesy and generosity is showered upon guests in India. It is a utopia for the international travellers. (Rai and Neelankavil, 2009) Rai and Neelankavil, 2009 also state that one of the major drawbacks of the Indian work culture is that there is no circumspection of time. Indians dont score too well in terms of punctuality long delays in meetings, cancellation or reschedu ling of the aforementioned(prenominal) are a common sight. This has put its roots in the basic brain of people and the Indian culture.Another major failing of the Indian work system is the superior general slack of work in the Government offices which leads to delays in meting out results, superfluous of the red tape baggage that leads people not to have confidence in the system. Therefore, any transactions in India call for a huge amount of patience to be able to meet with the results. The denomination published in Inter intelligence Management Review, 2012 also states that Despite other shortcomings, Indians fare well in matters of the slope language. The adeptness of the average middle single out over the language is laudable. There is absolutely no hitch in move and receiving of official letters, emails or faxes. The office environment in India is usually very orb and there are no individualised family between the bosses and the subordinates. The decision making in almost all of the semiprivate companies is from top to bottom, which may take a long time for the decision to be made and implemented. This accounts for the general lack of focussing inside the working sector. some of the Indians contract their work pressure home.They put in extra hours at work accordingly losing the work-life balance. This creates more pressure on them as the workplace demands are entirely different from that of the family. All this is done in an swither to earn monetary benefits and climb high on the ladder of hierarchy of the workplace. Indians mostly dont make good mentors, they are soft critics and dont stand up against something wrong as much as they should. This is thought to be because of the process of appraisal, the appraiser demands unequivocal feedback notwithstanding the gaping holes in management and work. The lack of dexterity of the appraiser is usually the beta reason behind lack of the much needed diminutive review. Indians have a hard time coping with changes of any sort, be it changes in management or work timings. A lot of time and energy is required for Indians to bring the change to practice.IMPACT OFCULTURE ON HILTON HOTEL, INDIA iodin such new path is the fix with national culture. Whereas traditional IB inquiry has been come to with economic/legal issues and organisational forms and structures, the importance of national culture broadly defined as values, beliefs, norms, and behavioural patterns of a national group has become increasingly authorized in the last two decades, more oft than not as a result of the upright work of Hofstede (1980). National culture has been shown to impact on major business activities, from large(p) structure to group performance Gibson (2002). cross-cultural experimental writings examining the influence of individual characteristics has evolved, yielding greater sophistication and judicial admission to our understanding of cultures influence. lots early cross-cult ural work well-tried only for the main effects of culture often victimisation national culture as a proxy inconsistent for a minded(p) cultural orientation.That work, exploring the influence of the presence (a main effect) of a prone cultural orientation, laid the groundwork for more complex experiments to follow, which test how differences in the levels (a lead influence) of a cultural orientation (even a primed, temporary one) influence behaviours or perceptions. The look for of Gelfand et al. (2002) examined both the main effects and the discuss effects of individual characteristics on the Hilton Hotel in India. Using national culture as proxy for cultural orientation, their results support cast-iron findings of self-serving biases in individualist cultures (Thompson and Lowenstein, 1992), where the self is served by enhancing ones verificatory attributes to stand out and be offend than others, but find relatively less bias in a state- take inled culture, in which th e self is served by focusing on ones weaknesses to kick the bucket in and maintain interdependence with others.However, they also measured individual self-construal, and demonstrate that sovereign self-construal are higher in India and are positively related to self-serving biases. Thus, not only is a main effect of culture on the working of Hilton Hotel in India, but the examination of individual self-construal helps to let off why such an effect exists. inquiry of this type is especially valuable given that much of the theory underlying business research has been developed and tested solo in Western contexts. Diversity Most organizations in the India, particularly largeones, filter out for consistency, standardization, and agreement, largely from the misleading assumption that the expulsion of divergence/ assortment automatically results in efficiency and success. This traditional view of organizational structure assumes that contradictions are to be first prioritized, and then eliminated, so that everything will run smoothly.We have all known managers and executives who need their subordinates to agree with their decisions, tell them they are doing a terrific job, and avoid challenging their authority. man this may be organizationally neat and psychologically comforting, it is stifling, stagnating, and, over the long haul, counterproductive. experimental research focusing on the talk over influence of individual characteristics contributes to this literature because it without delay tests whether these processes, biases, and behaviours are indeed universal phenomena, or whether they are specific to Western populations. As Oyserman et al. (2002b) point out in their Meta-analysis of research on collectivism/individualism, cultural set up is one of the most promising areas of cross-cultural research. The theoretical underpinnings of priming stem from social cognition research, which shows that accessible knowledge influences behaviour, and that tem porarily accessible and chronically salient knowledge produce equivalent effects in the laboratory.Thus, priming techniques create an experimental linear of chronic differences between cultural groups by temporarily focusing participants attention on different cultural content or values. (Hong et al., 2000) Examples of this research would be the study mentioned in an earlier section, as well as which primed participants with cues that were or were not congruent with their cultural orientation (e.g., using pronouns such as I and me for an emancipation priming or we and our for an interdependent priming) and examined the influence on factors such as cognitive speed and accuracy, memory, and attitudes. Results across all the experiments argue the existence of a chronic cultural orientation, and one that is more malleable in the face of a primed orientation.CULTURE OF U.KThere are about 3.7 one thousand thousand businesses in the U.K which includes 75% of jobs in expediency industry like hotels, restaurants, travelling, shopping, computers and finance. This sector consists of more than 20 millionemployees and 22 percentage of British workers work more than 48 hours a week. (Pryce, 2007) According to the Central intuition Agency (2007), the unite Kingdom is one of the most developed countries in the world and being a leader in stack as well as the leader as the financial centre. It is seen as one of the largest five economies in europium, with banking, restitution and other business services being an integral part of it. As the join Kingdom is a part of the EU, most of the institutions and policies are in accordance with the regulations laid out by the EU. As the UK has a monarchical constitution, the establishment rarely gets involved in the matters of economy, its main concern is with upward(a) public services like education and health (The Economist, 2007).A large keep down of international and global enterprises find home in the United Kingdom (Fe rner and Varul, 2000). payable to diverse work environments provided by these global enterprises, the British companies get to experience the work culture provided by the international markets and manage it efficiently. An argument provided by Ferner and Varul (2000) states that the British enterprises have a niche above other companies in terms of development of customer friendly policies and structures. Also, these enterprises play an integral government agency in globalization of industries, thus placing UK in the top realm to play the fictitious character of international operations armed with international companies. Hence, the UK could be expected to be the place with the most number of globalized companies with leading role of international operations.KEY CONCEPT AND set OF BRITISH CULTUREAccording to an article on International Business Negotiations 2005, United Kingdom consists of a blend of intravenous feeding cultural and ethnic backgrounds come upond as England, S cotland, blue Ireland and Wales. Such a multicultural country persists to bring together its rich culture and modern attitude. The understanding of the basic principled business standards of the United Kingdom is very distinguished for any company that wishes to operate business in such an patrimonial and reputable country. Indirectness The most important aspect of British culture is its way of nest and communication. In the U.K, people are known well for their graciousness and good manners like courtesy, politeness and civility. While confinement business in the UK, it is seen that straight questions father indiscrete answers and the exchangeof dialogues takes place in detail. In order to understand what one really means to say, it is necessary to take note of the nature of voice and seventh cranial nerve expressions. (Whittaker, 2009) Stiff upper lip The term stiff upper lip is often used to describe the traditionally British portrayal of reserve and restraint when confro nt with difficult situations.All business meetings and deals are done with entire regulations and customs. Any positive or negative form of sensation should be neglected in the British work environment. (Whittaker, 2009) mental capacity A indispensable element in all aspects of British life and culture is the illustrious British good sense of humour. The importance of humour in all situations, including business contexts, cannot be overestimated. Humour is frequently used as a defence mechanism, often in the form of self depreciation or irony. It can be highly implicit and in this sense is related to the British collateral communication style. (Whittaker, 2009) The United Kingdom is renowned for its colourful history and strong sense of tradition that has been shaped by a colonial empire, both civil and European war and a constitutional monarchy. The ordinal largest trading nation, the UK is fast becoming Europes leading business centre. back up by a long-established system of government and economic stability, the UK is an attractive base for overseas business, offering skills in areas such as research, development and technology. However, in order to operate successfully in the UK business environment, there are a number of important issues to take into consideration both in advance and during your time there. (Kenna and Lacy, 1995)IMPACT OF CULTURE ON HILTON HOTEL, U.K.There are quite a few Hilton Hotels in the U.K. The most important cultural factors that affect the business of Hilton Hotel in U.K. are as follows PRICING cost plays a key role in creating customer value and building customer relationship, as well is one of the quadruple elements of the marketing miscellany and an indicator that affects purchaser choice. Many companies today compete with each other with different prices in both the domestic and the international market. Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue all other elements acquaint cost (Kotler et al. 2007). Pricing is one of the most complicated decision areas encountered by Hilton Hotel, U.K. food market prices at the customer level are much more difficult to control in international markets than in domestic market. The pricing of the Hilton Hotels in the U.K. in general is more complex and critical than those fit(p) in India. According to Chee et al. (1998), the price is critical because it affects the firms ability to catch ones breath in the market. The price is also complex, because of the diversity of markets, with their different environment such as, political, legal, social, technological, consumer characteristics, etc. Thereby, price is an issue that can affect the international business and the companys co-operations in the foreign countryNEGOTIATIONSAccording to Tayeb (1998) language is one of the major issues when it comes to negotiations with trade partners from other cultures. Although it is not always indispensable to know the partners language, several(p renominal) studies shows that a link exists between successful company performance in loving new business in foreign markets, and the ability of the company to conduct its business in the language of the customer. Tayeb (1998) also states that there are some aspects of culture that unpatterned themselves in a negotiation situation. extraneous partners not only speak languages other than ones own, but also have a tendency, for cultural reasons, to conceive in different ways and have different priorities in the way in which they do business. For example, some people prefer to do their business meetings with foreigners in a formal way, and would be offended to be addressed by their first be some might believe that the use of an informal style and first name would signal to the partners that they are trusted. Two partners from these different cultural backgrounds could easily misunderstand each other if they negotiate without a foregoing knowledge of one anothers assumptions and va lues.SUMMARYIn todays time of globalisation, international business is acquiring bigger and escalating for both multinational as well as local companies. Due to this, cross cultural matter have gained a lot of importance. In this literature review, the main focus has been to discuss culture, its importance and impact on Hilton Group of Hotel in India and U.K. This chapter has been presented to help the reader understand the basictheoretical concepts which helps in the findings of the case study and answering the research question. This part of the dissertation helped us in understanding the relationship between culture and international business. victimisation in the fields of technology and communication etc, companies from various cultures have started working together, thus making culture an important up to(p) of discussion in International Business. This chapter discussed the Hofstedes five cultural dimensions named Individualism, Power distance, Uncertainty, masculinity and Long-Term orientation.It also explains the working culture of India and U.K and the impact of culture on the business of Hilton Hotel, India and Hilton Hotel, U.K. In international business negotiations, it is important to learn about the counterparts culture and thus ameliorate the problems that can arise in the course of the negotiations. From this study, we can see that there are marked differences in the Indian and British negotiation styles which stem from cultural differences among the two countries. Knowledge of these differences will modify negotiators understand the negotiation behaviour of their counterparts with a view to making negotiations proceed with more ease. However, it is also important not to cease cultural stereotypes to determine the relationships with the potential business partners. This is because individuals may have their own distinct culture which does not always reflect the countrys perceived culture.

Ethno Tourism Benefits Both Visitors

Tourism constancy has witnessed a fast teaching in the late decades. As a new type of holidaymakerry, ethno tourerry combines sightseeing and seeking the cultural experience of the tribal communities of the tourist destinations (Cooper, 2005). Since ethno touristry greatly stimulated the scotch phylogeny of the local anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic communities, plurality think that ethno touristry benefits both the visitors and the local communities of the destinations. On the peerless hand, ethno touristry enhanced the cultural parley between antithetical ethnic groups.However, it is alike worthwhile to note the feasible dangers to the purlieu great power be ca utilise by the over- victimization of ethno tourism (McL arn, 2001). There atomic number 18 more(prenominal) other negative influences upon the local communities in the same time. These may allow the taint to the inwrought environs, the eroding of the l ocal horti enculturation and the risk of infectious diseases. As a result, I maintain both the positive and negative influences of ethno-tourism pay to be clarified so as to go a ratio between tourism study and the protection of the local communities.This essay, based on the compendium of the mingled influences of ethno tourism in both the industrial cultivation and the change of peoples attitude, watch the benefits of ethno tourism to both the visitors and the local communities of the tourist destinations. In the meanwhile, I also intend to analyze the potential difference harms brought astir(predicate) by ethno tourism in the local communities. The development of ethno tourism mainly focuses on quaternion major long-run positive influences within the local communities.These effects include the improvement of the local stinting trunk, the communication of different cultural groups, remarkable influence upon the hostelry of the tribal communities and the advance of the local life conditions. With affection to economics, the benefit to the locals is considered to be the major drive lodge that stimulates the development of ethno tourism. Ethno tourists objective in visiting a local place is to seek the experience when enjoying the various types of cultural traditions which atomic number 18 exposed to the whole populace and the influence is amplified to the outback(a) (Mitchell, 2009).This efficiency become an valuable premise to move in more travellers to the local tribes. As time going on, the local people piecemeal begin to benefit from the ethno tourism industry. More travellers vex more economic resources that are urgently compulsory for the local development (Kaplan, 2009a). In addition, ethno tourism attract remote economic resources, which are important for the development of the local economy (Vidal, 2009). The investors come to the tribal communities want a model as teaching them how to turn tail a business and how to u se the resources efficiently.Therefore, these local communities may be able to manage their economy on an individual basis in the future. However, the more short-term investments follow by the more ethno tourisms will cause risks too. Over-development of ethno tourism may cause serious pollution to the local purlieu (McLaren, D. 2001). More visitors in the meantime may regard the pollution to the air, the water and the soil of the local milieu, which used to be clean and tranquil. What is more, cultural communications are obviously resulting from the different cultural backgrounds between the tourists and indigenes.As the development of ethno tourism, these local cultures began to be known by the exterior people (Mitchell, 2009). Gradually, the local culture of the tourist destinations might become influential in the country or level in the whole humanity (Buckley, 2000). taking China for example, any(prenominal)(prenominal) of the products in the mountainous areas were no t headspring known by the distant field. However, when more and more travellers feeler to these areas, the products make by them that conveyance of title the modified colours of the local culture shake been accepted by the outside people.The bamboo ware in South-east China, for instance, eject be seen as one typical example. Originally, these bamboo wares were solo made for family use of the local people in these areas, however, when more and more tourists coming to the local place, they find these bamboo wares are not only useful in life but are also nicely made. And some of them can even be seen as artistic products that conveying the special culture of the locals. In this way, these bamboo wares are exported to the outside foundation and stepwise become popular (Guo, 2001).This is a combinative example which are contained the influence of local economy and the culture spreading of the tourist destinations. In the older times when transportation and communication were not as advanced as today, it is difficult for the outside people to know some remote tribal communities. So the excellent craftsmanship of the tribes could not be apprehended by the outside people. But it would not be restrict whatevermore due to the prosperous development of ethno tourism.Most of the time, foreigners and tribal people have even interacted individually through the visit of ethno tourism. Visitors are interested in promoting their special ways of daily lives and thus made the local people understood by the outside world. Apart from what the local people learn about the foreign guests, their communications also help the outside world understand the specialty of the local traditions in a number of ways. In addition, with much more understanding of the locals, people from the outside world might be more tolerant to accept the local culture.Cultural exchange and communication between different travellers and tribes are consequently enhanced by ethno tourism. Although visitors broaden their heading because of a better cultural communication as well as indigenes, the local culture of the tourist destinations might be seriously eroded in the long-term since the culture coming from the outside world (Wilkerson, et al. , 2003). For example, in some of the South-Western provinces of China, in that location is a disregard of losing some precious local cultures due to the betrothal of the outside culture.Youngsters are no longer unbidden to live in the local place and they gradually protest against the traditional way of life because they make out that it is unfashionable to obey the tradition which has been passing beat to them by generations. Consequently, the valuable indigenous culture may be extinct. The influence of the society resulted in ethno tourism to the local communities is also as remarkable as culture. The reason can be understood as similar to that of the economic development stimulated by ethno tourism in the destinations.The mec hanism can be understood as a chain reaction, which is a series of changes brought about by the ethno tourism (Cooper, 2005). The beginning process of this change is the opening of the tourism resources to the outside world. The second stage is to attract as many tourists as possible to contribute to the local economic development. In the final step, a whole system of the local industry based on the ethno tourism can be set up. In this way, there would be a profound change of the local society (Wurzburger, 2009).Nevertheless, this change is not owing to the end of the natural and cultural resources of the destinations. On the contrary, ethno tourism encourages the conservation of the sustained ability of the local communities to attract ethno tourisms as many as possible. Again, the development of ethno tourism is conducted concord to the preservation of the local tourism resources (Wilkerson, et al. , 2003). matchly, the special culture of the tourist destinations is expected to be well maintain rather than be destroyed.At the same time, the local politics aims the local communities by issuing political stick out of preserving the natural and cultural resources of ethno tourism. For this reason, the sustained ability of the tourism travelling in the local communities can warrantee that the local communities constantly attain advantages. With the accumulation of wealth since the development of ethno tourism, the local tribes are needed to stimulate the infrastructures as soon as possible what are essential to improve the life conditions of the indigenous communities.Tourism can be a useful source of income (Vidal, 2009). For instance, with the gold they earned, the indigenous communities can build up roads, hospitals or other basic facilities for the locals. In my view, health benefit is the most important part of the local tribes modify living conditions and it is exactly built up by the income of the tourism industry. In other word, it can be said that it is based on the economic development stimulated by the ethno tourism so that the state-supported health facilities can be improved.Also, ethno tourism, aiming at preserving the local natural environment, does not bring about any significant negative influence on the local ecosystem (Wurzburger, 2009). This is very important to preserve the health conditions of the local communities because ethno tourism stands against environmental destruction and industrial pollution (Buckley, 2000). Hence, the profits made from ethno tourism, needless to say, are play a major role in the local healthy industry.Despite the tribal citizens will gain some benefits for their living standards because of the progress of the infrastructures, the health of the locals might also be negatively influenced by the development of ethno tourism. According to the research result of some investigations, in some tourist destinations, about 30-50% of the locals die from diseases introduced from the outside world by the travellers (Kaplan, 2009b). The foreigners may bring new diseases to the tourist destinations and the indigenes may die of lacking in immunity.To spunk up, as a new concept of the tourism industry, ethno tourism mainly benefits the local communities as well as the travellers whilst it has been paid numerous attentions to in the one-time(prenominal) few years, such as protecting environment and learning to manage business. Especially, with the advocating of environmental preservation and natural protection, ethno tourism has been considered to be one of the major trends of the development of world tourism. However, people should keep an eye on that the over-development of ethno tourism which might be a long-term dangerous roblem to the ruin of some aspects of the tribes peoples life while the destruction of the natural environment is the most serious issue. How to keep a balance between protecting the cultural environment of the local communities and the development o f the local society and economy in particular is an urgent task of both the local indigenes and the foreign visitors. Otherwise, no one can spring up any advantage from ethno tourism because the destroying ethnic environment is unable to attract tourist and no more bring any profits then.