Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Families - Essay Example Therefore, while defining the term â€Å"family†, it is important to mention that a group of individuals make a family irrespective of whether they love one another or not since they are blood-related to one another and are biologically family members. Often, family members assume financial obligations towards one another religiously if not legally. On the other hand, new concepts of family are emerging with the changing moods of the dynamic modern world, where homosexuality has been legally accepted in certain countries. But such concepts are man-made. It is highly unethical to consider such union of people as a family. In today’s society, the definition of â€Å"family† I gave might not be quite welcomed and many people might find it offensive. Typically, the gays and lesbians would find it an offense of their fundamental beliefs. Today’s modern society has given equal rights to homosexuals and straight people. This gives the homosexuals leverage to choose to live with the person they like irrespective of his/her gender. Homosexuals tend to make a family. But they certainly can not make babies in the natural biological way. This speaks of the nature’s definition of a family. Nature certainly does not consider them a family and accordingly does not bless them with children. That is why, homosexuals living together tend to develop themselves as a family by adopting children. This is highly unethical because it does not only ruin the fundamental structure of a family, but also inculcates many negative aspects in the personality of the adopted children. On the other hand, m any thoughtful people will consider this definition of family quite rational since it covers all major aspects of relationship between individuals forming a family. According to my definition of a family, individuals caught in a legal case should find help from their family members. Help comes in the form of financial support and psychological

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political Science - Essay Example According to Tocqueville, the political masses which he called associations had a greater common good because they were not based on self-interest; rather, they were based on the goal of social, economic and even cultural good. These associations were therefore effective to prevent tyranny of the majority because they would put effective checks and balances (Neitzsch, 7). Baldwin conquers with the views of Tocqueville about associations being in a better position to fight against tyranny of the majority. He also argues that when people come together and join hands for the common good of fighting tyranny, the course is better and less selfish compared to only an individual fighting it. According to him, there is strength in numbers (Field, 120). Du Bois on the other hand rejects the notion and idea of tyranny of the majority and instead just wants individuals to focus on equal politics and democracy and forget about the division between the minority and the majority. Du Bois was an activist for the black movement and his main aim was to bring about equality between the races. This ideology was what he based his notion of tyranny on and hence the advocacy of equality (Gooding-Williams,

RISK ASSESSMENT on the Department of the Army IT Systems Essay Example for Free

RISK ASSESSMENT on the Department of the Army IT Systems Essay 1.Introduction 1.1 Purpose This risk assessment was to identify threats and vulnerabilities related to the Department of the Army (DoA) Information Technology (IT) systems. It will be utilized to identify vulnerabilities in the Computer Network Defense (CND) Capabilities and mitigation plans related to DoA’s IT systems. It was realized that this was a potential high-risk system as noted by the Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO). (DoD, 2012) 1.2 Scope This risk assessment applies to all DoA Non-secured Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) and Secured Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET) for Regular Army and Reserve Components. This is a major system that is used by millions of Soldiers, contractors and DA civilians worldwide. The DoA’s IT system is comprised of Army Global Network Operations and Security Center (A-GNOSC) which is responsible for the Army’s day-to-day Tier 2 CND Service Provider. The research methods will present both quantitative and qualitative data which will identify hazards and vulnerabilities to include International-Transnational Terrorism and Domestic Terrorism and present an assessment of the potential risks from them. Information will be collected mainly from DoD’s and DA’s websites. SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION The DoD uses DODI 8510.01, DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP), as the process for implementing Certification and Accreditation (CA) within their information system. The Information Assurance (IA) Controls, or security measures that must be implemented on a system, as stated in the DODI 8500.2, Information Assurance (IA) Implementation. The control selection relies on the Mission Assurance Categories (MAC) and Confidentiality Levels (CL). Information Systems (IS) will be allotted a MAC level which shows the importance of the information which is used to determine the IA controls for integrity and availability regarding DODI 8500.2 and will be decided by the DoD or Army by the DIACAP  team (Information Assurance, 2009) MISSION ASSURANCE CATEGORY MAC IIs a high integrity, high availability for DoD ISs handling information that is determined to be vital to the operational readiness or mission effectiveness of deployed and contingency forces in terms of both content and timeliness. The consequence of loss of integrity or availability is unacceptable and could include the immediate and sustained loss of mission effectiveness. MAC IIIs a high integrity, medium availability for DoD ISs handling information that is important to the support of deployed and contingency forces. The consequence of loss of integrity is unacceptable. Loss of availability is difficult to deal with and can only be tolerated for a short time. MAC IIIIs a basic integrity, basic availability for DoD ISs handling information that is necessary for the conduct of day-to-day business, but does not materially affect support to deployed or contingency forces in the short- term. The consequences of loss of integrity or availability can be tolerated or overcome witho ut significant impacts on mission effectiveness or operational readiness. CONFIDENTIALITY LEVELAll ISs will be assigned a confidentiality level based on the classification or sensitivity of the information processed. The confidentiality level is used to establish acceptable access factors and to determine the DODI 8500.2 IA Controls applicable to the information system. DOD has defined the following three confidentiality levels: 1.ClassifiedInformation designated top secret, secret or confidential in accordance with Executive Order 12356. 2.SensitiveInformation the loss, or unauthorized access to or modification of could adversely affect the national interest or conduct of Federal programs, or Privacy Act information. Includes, but is not limited to For Official Use Only (FOUO), Privacy data, unclassified controlled nuclear information, and unclassified technical data. 3.PublicInformation has been reviewed and approved for public release. Note. Mission Assurance Categories table is taken from Information Assurance. (2009) Applications (not an inclusive list): Anti-Spyware General –V4R1, 3 Dec 09, Application Services –V1R1, 17 Jan 06  Application Security Development V3R1, 10 May 10 CITRIX Xen App, V1R1, 23 Jul 09 ESX Server -V1R1, 22 Apr 08 Database –V8R1, 19 Sep 07 Desktop Applications General –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Directory Services –V1R1, 24 Aug 07 ERP –V1R1, 7 Dec 06 ESM –V1R1, 5 Jun 06 HBSS STIG –V2R5, 22 Feb 10 IM –V1R2, 15 Feb 08 InTFOT-V1R1, 2 Oct 09 ISA Server 2006 OWA STIG, V1R1 5 Feb 10 McAfee Antivirus –V4R1 –3 Dec 09 Microsoft Exchange 2003 –V1R1, 6 Aug 09 MicrosoftIE6 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 MicrosoftIE7 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 MicrosoftIE8 –V1R1, 26 Apr 10 Microsoft Office 2003 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Microsoft Office 2007 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Mozilla Firefox –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Symantec Antivirus –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 SunRay4 Thin Client –V1R1 –26 Mar 09 VTC STIG –V1R1 –08 Jan 08 Web Server –V6R1, 11 Dec 06. DISA STIG. (2012) THREAT IDENTIFICATION Data from the DoD shows a 20% rise in attacks against its information systems from 43,880 to 54,640 between 2007 to 2008. â€Å"Each of these penetrations involves a series of actions that do not differ substantially whether the intruder is acting on behalf of a terrorist group, a foreign government, a corporation, or is acting as individual. The severe intrusions into cyber systems involve penetrating system security, navigating and mapping the cyber system, targeting the nodes that control the system and contain the most critical data, and often, extracting the data.† (Wortzel, 2009) â€Å"In February 2011, the Deputy Secretary of Defense said that more than 100 foreign intelligence agencies have tried to breach DOD computer networks and that one was successful in breaching networks containing classified information.2 Also, the President of the United States has identified this threat as one of the most serious national security challenges facing the nation.† (Dâ€⠄¢Agostino, 2011, pp. 1) VULNERABILITY IDENTIFICATION THREAT CapabilitySecurity Test ResultsAudit CommentsSeverity SW BaselineNo SW baselineThe DA does not have a documented software inventory. A failure of this control does not lead to an immediate risk. IA Impact AssessmentConfiguration Management Plan (CMP) is not completeThe certification team through document review, that DA does not have formal procedures for IA impact assessment.Failure to assess changes for IA impact could lead to changes being made to the environment that unknowingly  introduce vulnerabilities increasing the risk of compromise. Ports, Protocols, and ServicesOpen ports protocols and services (PPS)The certification team determined through interviews and device configuration reviews, that DA does not perform regular review of their open PPS.Unnecessary open PPS increase the risk of systems being compromised. CONTROL ANALYSIS Incident Handling, IA Training and Certification, Information Assurance Vulnerability Management (IAVM), IA Program Management, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), Certification and Accreditation, Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Wireless Security, Army Web Risk Content Management, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Portable Electronic Devices (PED), Minimal Information Assurance Technical Requirements, Classified Systems Management and Physical Security and Environmental Controls (Information Assurance, 2009) LIKELIHOOD DETERMINATION THREATSTerrorist (mail bomb)Denial of ServiceUnauthorized Access 1. VulnerabilityUncontrolled accessUpgrading Firmware onlineUnattended computer while logged on 2. MitigationControlled access e.g. common access card, buzzerUpgrade from trusted source onlyLog off computer before leaving area 3. Threat Probability615 Threat Probability: Highest number equals highest probability Note. Threat Matrix is taken from DA Anti-Terrorism Plan (2012). (CH 5 DOD O 2000.12H) IMPACT ANAYLYSIS Criticality Assessment Matrix AssetImportanceEffectRecoverabilityMission FunctionalityTotal Servers 1097834 Routers875626 Highest score = most critical Lowest score = least critical RISK DETERMINATION ValueNumeric Rating Major Deficiency9-10 Significant Deficiency7-8 Moderate Deficiency5-6 Minor Deficiency3-4 Negligible Deficiency1-2 CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS Move the IA Program out of Technical lanes and into Command lanes, clearly define functions for a Command IA Program, define Concept for the Command IA Team (technical and non-technical), develop a reporting methodology for the Command IA Program, develop and provide a Command IA Training Program, develop a Command IA Program Management Course (CIAPMC), develop a Risk Management Model for Information Protection (IP): IA/CND, establish an â€Å"Acceptable Risk Criteria† for the Command IA Program and transform the Army’s IA Policy Formulation Process. (DAIG IA, 2009) SUMMARY Risk Vulnerability/ThreatRisk LevelRecommended ControlsAction Priority Hardware baseline inventory is incomplete. This could lead to the introduction of unauthorized into the network and also makes it difficult to maintain an effective life cycle managementLowComplete current hardware baseline and continue to identify and document future assets.Low Configuration management is not complete and this could lead to changes being made to the environment that unknowingly introduce vulnerabilities. This should be assessed by an IA team before introduced to the network.LowFinalize the configuration management process and implement a plan to assess IA impact of change to the system.Low Open ports, protocols and services. Changes made to the open PPS will lead to exploits and/or data compromise.MediumEnsure that the change management process relating to PPS are developed and enforced.Medium REFERENCES Bendel, B. (2006). An Introduction to Department of Defense IA Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP). Retrieved from http://www.xlr8technologies.com/CMS/admin/Assets/lunarline/pdfs/lunarline_dia cap_process1.pdf D’Agostino, D. (2011). Defense Department Cyber Efforts: More Detailed Guidance needed to Ensure Military ServicesDevelop Appropriate Cyberspace Capabilities. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11421.pdf DoD CIO. (2012). Department of Defense Instruction, Number 8582.01. Security of Unclassified DoD Information on Non-DoD Information Systems. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/858201p.pdf Hudson, J. (2009). Department of the Army Information Security Program. Retrieved from http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r380_5.pdf Stonebumer, G., Goguen, A. Feringa, A. (2002). Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Retrieved from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30/sp800-30.pdf Information Assurance. (2009). Retrieved from www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r25_2.pdf DIACAP (n.d.) – DoD 8500. Retrieved from http://www.securestate.com/Federal/Certification%20and%20%20Accreditation/Pages/DIACAP-D0D8500.aspx DISA STIG. (2012). Retrieved from http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/a-z.html DoD Anti-Terrorism Program. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/200012p.pdf Wilson, C. (2005). Computer Attack and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/computerattack.htm Wortzel, L. (2009). Preventing Terrorist Attacks, Countering Cyber Intrusions, and Protecting Privacy in Cyberspace. Retrieved from

Investigation of Police Brutality and problems behind it

Investigation of Police Brutality and problems behind it Law enforcement has established to be an important part in modern day society. The law enforcer more commonly known as the police officer has the primary functions to fight crime and maintain the peace in an effective and efficient manner. Over the last decades the role of the law enforcer has evolved which has provided researchers the opportunity to explore and study the nature of policing by the utilization of specific models. Most researchers have identified a trend in the increased number of cases related to police brutality which are generally blamed for the presence of highly regarded values that exist within the law enforcement culture. This culture believes that force is justified because it should be able to protect the rights of innocent civilians. In todays law enforcement culture criminals are profiled by their colour, race, age, religion, social status and their ethnicity this increases the like hood of innocent members of the public to become potential targets of the police force. International and domestic outrage was expressed over the Abner Louima case in 1997, which involved the wrongful arrest and torture of a Haitian immigrant by local police officers. The exposition of the case will utilize Deontology as the framework for understanding the ethical dilemma that is present in the Abner Louima case. This essay will also seek to analyze ethical problems that are present identifying deontology as the ethical theory to evaluate the problems. Inherent ethical problem and dilemma in the case Every modern day society has law enforcement forming an integral part of the everyday life. Researchers have identified that the nature of the policing is made up of particular models. The most discussed model is the crime fighter that sees every criminal to be the enemy (Dudley, 2001). The police officer is deemed as the protectors of the citizens by enforcing the law. An equally discussed model is the emergency operator model this model describes the police officer as the person who must respond to an emergency situation, whilst enforcing the law in the given situation, such as a drink driving offence. A less discussed model is the social peacekeeper model which investigates and resolves the root causes of criminal behavior, this model aims to provide an explanation of the law enforcement institution and how it operators with multiply expectations, roles and responsibilities. A commonly discussed model which is highlighted in most modern day movies is the social enforcer model which justifies the use of intimidation and exploitation techniques to achieve the objectives of the law enforcement institution. In the case of Abner Louima it is evident that the ethical dilemma is the portrayal of the police officers in question, the crime fighter model is by far the greatest influential model within the law enforcement institution and has created a strong cultural acceptance dictating that criminals are dealt with harshly. Hence introducing an ethical dilemma with the Abner Louima case. Deontological Ethics Deontology believes that human beings act in an ethical manner if they have the motivation and appeal from a higher source (Salzmann, 1995). This empowers the individual to feel needed and powerful within the society. Deontology provides an explanation of ethics to be based on regulations and rules that are established within society (Beauchamp, 1991). This implies that ones actions are deemed to be morally acceptable if the reason is based on social, legal and political legislation that exists within the society. Within these ethical regions obeying these legislations provides evidence that the actions of individuals are acceptable. The police brutality in the Abner Louima case highlights the threat that police brutality poses against the stability of society because it fosters a climate of hostility towards criminals and suspects. This in turn leads to the retributive justice approach to every criminal offence and offender. It is considered this retributive justice approach will inhibit the ability for the law enforcement institution to effectively fight crime. Deontology can be successfully used to identify and assess the nature of the problem. Police officers have created their own sub culture that is identified with specific values and ideals. These ideals legitimize the application of coercion and intimidation against criminal suspects. Deontology would take the view that police actions are immoral in nature because they go against established rules and regulations. They violate the civil liberties of human beings by creating distrust and suspicion towards them. Analysis The police have an institutional culture which comprises of diverse values and attitudes. This culture contains hazards that lead to an alternative code of conduct among police officers. This culture influences the operating procedures for police personnel in society. The common elements of this culture have been closely associated with belligerency, violence, and aggression (Dudley, 2001). The introduction of new police officers does not influence this sub culture and they can only flourish through proper education from senior police officers. These officers outline the code of conduct towards criminal elements which is essential to adhere in order for new officers to survive in their new environment. The individual gender, race, social status and ethnicity play a critical role in shaping police officers attitudes and notions (Bayley, 2005). The institutional culture perceives minorities as being a threat to police authority. Any acts of disrespect for police authority by minorities are responded with a harsh approach. Excessive use of force becomes legitimized in order to punish the criminals. In the case of Abner Louima, Justin Volpe was the police officer who assaulted Abner Louima and charged him with various false offenses. Abner Louima was arrested and placed into police custody and repeatedly beaten and tortured by a number of police officers. Deontology would argue that such acts are not justified. The current US legal system places a number of restrictions on police behavior. This is done in order to safeguard the interests of the individual. The institutional culture tends to perceive the due process as a mechanism that safeguards the criminals. Hence the application of force is justified against minorities who are in accordance with the stereotypes of criminals. Justin Volpe and the other police officers were justified according to the institutional culture to resort to physical and psychological abuse against the victim. Such actions according to deontology would be ethically not permitted due to several reasons. Some duties are universal according to the ethical system like the right to protect innocent people (Delattre, 2004). It focuses on the nature of actions rather than determining the implications. Hence it is essential that the police act as guardians of innocent people. They cannot apply excessive force again st suspects because it is based upon their stereotypes and perceptions. Deontology also uses the intrinsic values of specific actions in order to determine their ethical nature. In addition the Abner Louima case demonstrates the justification of deception and fraud against criminal offenders. This is because police work is deemed to be a dangerous and hazardous environment in which loyalty and dedication supersede the legal concerns and processes (Delattre, 2004). Acts of misconduct perpetrated by officers are tolerated with a strict code of loyalty. Anyone who resists such a code faces severe implications by other police officers. The police culture is often believed to have a set of core values that help to shape its identity. A large number of police officers perceive the general public with distrust and apprehension. Hence stereotypes influence police officers to initiate brutal actions against people who might not have perpetrated an offense (DeSantis, 2002). The general public is defined as dishonest. Force is an important component of police culture because it is defined in terms of defensive purposes. A perceived threat means that police officers can apply force in order to safeguard their interests (Johnson, 2004). This threat can not necessarily be a physical danger to the officer but it can involve suspicious or uncooperative behaviors and actions. Force is used because it serves to implement the law in an efficient and effective manner. In addition, it helps to restore the dignity and respect of police officers (Johnson, 2004). It is considered to be a lesson to criminal offenders and perpetrators who have broken the law. Some police officers consider themselves to be the victims because of their low pay, poor working conditions, and legal policies. These variables help to create a victim complex which can be countered only by adhering to a set of alternative rules and regulations. Some police officers believe that criminals do not deserve access t o civil liberties. Hence force is legitimized because the general public will eventually seek to support the police departments. These officers believe that law abiding citizens do not need to be victims of their actions. The Louima case demonstrates that none of the actions by the police officers were morally defensible or good. Deontology argues that certain actions are ethical because they are based upon prohibitions. Hence the brutal assault on Louima was not justified because it was based upon mere suspicion and stereotypes. However deontology does not apply a moral absolutism in its principles and approaches. The use of force against hardcore criminals like rapists, pedophiles, and drug traffickers would be necessary in certain circumstances. In addition, if force was applied for self defense then the police officer would be perfectly justified in using it. Police discretion has often been identified as a mechanism that can be abused in several ways. Their ability to make deci sions is enhanced through this process because it helps them to respond to specific situations. Hence deontology would legitimize the police brutality in the Louima case. The police officers acted using their own discretionary abilities when they targeted the offender (Johnson, 2004). The moral actions were perfectly in line with this line of reasoning. This is due to the fact that the officers were assaulted during the scuffle at the bar. Hence the natural reaction would be to act against suspected offenders to uphold the honor and dignity of the police officers. Conclusion Police brutality has been a major problem in the United States as demonstrated by the Louima case of 1997. A major ethical dilemma was the frequent misuse of police powers against criminal offenders. Often police brutality occurs because of the pervasive nature of institutional culture. The occupational hazards associated with policing legitimize the frequent application of force against suspects. These suspects can be declared criminals if they belong to specific stereotypes and profiles of the police officers. Many police officers use force as a means to uphold their dignity and esteem. They believe that disobedience to the law is tantamount to challenge to the authority of the police officers. Some police officers believe that they are victimized by excessive public interference and poor working conditions. Hence force becomes legitimized against criminals while protecting the rights of innocent people. Deontology is an ethical system that believes in the appropriate nature of rul es and regulations. Hence a higher moral imperative is used in order to justify ethical principles. Deontological ethics in the above case would argue that the actions of police officers were not justified. They went against the due process and rule of law. In addition, they were based upon suspicion and apprehension as the police officers needed to respond to public attacks. However an alternative explanation would be that the officers were under stress since they were in the middle of a fight. Hence the application of force could be justified because they were acting on their own discretion.

Earthquakes :: essays research papers

Earthquakes Earthquakes occur almost everyday all over the world. Most of the time earthquakes are not strong enough to be felt by people, but the shaking caused by an earthquake can be recorded by a seismometer. These machines are located all over the world to ensure detection of earthquakes of all strengths. Only occasionally will a larger magnitude earthquake strike and cause damage to the region. There are many faults around the world and depending on where these faults are plays a major factor in determining where an earthquake will occur. It is these faults that are the reason for earthquakes. The information seismologists know about past earthquakes and earthquakes in general give them a limited ability to generally predict when and where earthquakes are going to occur. An earthquake is the shaking of Earth’s surface caused by rapid movement of the earth’s rocky outer layer. â€Å"Earthquakes occur when tension stored in rocks suddenly releases† (Vogt 12). Faults occur at these places where rocks on either side of the crack have moved. Oceans are very common places for major tectonic plates to shift. When two plates separate, new oceanic crust is made near the fault as magma rises and eventually sets on the sea floor. If the plates on either side of the fault continue to spread then the ocean slowly becomes larger in width. This is called seafloor spreading. Mid-ocean ridges are characterized by a crack like valley at the fault. This crack like valley is caused by the tension pulling the plates apart, causing normal faulting to occur a number of times in the divergent boundary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shevchik 2 The most common type of fault is a normal or dip-slip fault. These occur when two blocks of earth are thrust toward each other, causing one to ride up over the other (Britt 1). â€Å"The hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall† (Tarbuck 244). A reverse fault is the opposite of a normal fault. â€Å"The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall† (Tarbuck 244). A very powerful type of fault is the strike-slip fault that occurs when two plates slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault in California is a very good example of this type of fault. A great deal of damage is done when any type of fault shakes the soil under structures in a low-lying, waterlogged areas, causing liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs when an earthquake shakes the wet, sandy soil near a body of water.

Comparing the Treatment of Madness in The Bell Jar and The Yellow Wallp

Treatment of Madness in The Bell Jar and The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚   Mental illness and madness is a theme often explored in literature and the range of texts exploring these is tremendously varied. Various factors can threaten a character's sanity, ranging from traumatic events which trigger a decline to pressure from more vast, impersonal sources. Generally speaking, writers have tried to show that most threats to sanity comprise a combination of long-term and short-term factors - the burning of the library in Mervyn Peake's novel 'Titus Groan' precipitated Lord Sepulchrave's descent into madness, but a longer term problem can be discerned in the weight of tradition which caused him to worry 'that with him the line of Groan should perish'. Such interplay between the acute and the chronic is, it would seem, a matter of agreement between authors who explored this issue. The manner in which characters respond to these threats is not. In some works the threatened character succeeds in becoming empowered - they find a way to maintain themselves and emerg e from the ordeal undefeated, if not unbowed. Esther Greenwood as portrayed in Sylvia Plath's autobiographical novel 'The Bell Jar' is one such character, although the question always remains whether such a victory is a permanent solution. In many other works the only option for the characters is escape. This may be an escape from reality as described in Roald Dahl's short story 'Georgy Porgy'. It may be an escape from self-awareness as shown in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's novella 'The Yellow Wallpaper'. The ultimate escape is self-destruction - Sepulchrave's death in 'Titus Groan' and Sylvia Plath's real-life suicide in 1963 (barely three weeks after 'The Bell Jar' was published) ca... ...emonstrates throughout the first half of the novel that Greenwood is increasingly withdrawing from herself, with her failure to identify with her reflection in a mirror ("The face in the mirror looked like a sick Indian" - she uses no words to suggest that "the face in the mirror" is herself, and it is only from context that the reader knows this at all) being symbolic of this. The first half of the Bell Jar, then, demonstrates that Esther Greenwood's initial responses to the pressures threatening her sanity are firstly to lose her emotional link to the world, and secondly to lose this link within herself. Such a response only lead to further problems which the author explores in the rest of the novel, and it is a point worth noting that in many cases the defences that can be useful at first in response to a threat can end up as part of the problem itself.      

Receive and store stock essay

Receiving Is a term that simply means to receive food orders placed with suppliers, and to ensure that they are accurate. When receiving stock one should check the quaintly by counting and weighing all products receiving 50 oranges Instead of 100, size and weight by checking packaging size and Incorrect brand or product e. G. Receiving a ml milk instead of a ml bottle, quality by checking frozen products are frozen, check use by dates, and freshness by checking quality points to ensure the goods you are receiving are correct.An order form is needed to check the delivery docket is correct which is needed to check that the supplier invoice all adds up. Storing refers to the way purchases are put away until they are required for the use by the kitchen. Good food storage is reliant on three mall factors Sanitation- clean shelving, regular cleaning program, high standards are essential for any food storage. Temperature- correct humidity levels, dry room 12-15, cool room 1-3 and freezer -1 8. Ventilation- free from dampness, moderate humidity levels and good alarm recirculation.All storage containers need to be labeled with what the product Is, date stored, quantity of product and par stock level. When lifting a load to its correct storing area it is important that the correct methods are completed, feet shoulder width apart, bending knees keeping head upright and maintaining the spines natural curves. Correct storage of food will tick of the first part of the hack plan, as it is stored correctly. Maintaining stock will ensure success In a hospitality establishmentCleanliness Is vital In malignantly stock as the cleanliness with prevents the spread of bacteria and other diseases. Stock take is counting all items in the store to keep track of stock movements and establish what the business needs to purchase to bring stores up to set level. This should be done weekly, monthly or yearly to insure Stock rotation- Stock quality Spoilage Maintaining security By lilied Recei ving is a term that simply means to receive food orders placed with suppliers, and to ensure that they are accurate.When receiving stock one should check the inanity by counting and weighing all products receiving 50 oranges instead of 100, size and weight by checking packaging size and incorrect brand or product e. G. By the kitchen. Good food storage is reliant on three main factors Sanitation- clean freezer -18. Ventilation- free from dampness, moderate humidity levels and good air circulation. All storage containers need to be labeled with what the product is, date Maintaining stock will ensure success in a hospitality establishment Cleanliness is vital in maintaining stock as the cleanliness with prevents the spread