How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) as well as other minerals and impurities. You can remove most of these contaminants using two simple purification techniques: filtration and evaporation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker  or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration If the rock salt is one large chunk, grind it into a powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to 6 heaping spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to dissolve the salt.Place the filter paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the evaporating dish under the funnel to collect the liquid.Slowly pour the rock salt solution into the funnel. Make sure you dont over-fill the funnel. You dont want the liquid to flow around the top of the filter paper because then it isnt getting filtered.Save the liquid (filtrate) that comes through the filter. Many of the mineral contaminants did not dissolve in the water and were left behind on the filter paper. Evaporation Place the evaporating dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and carefully heat the evaporating dish. If you apply too much heat, you could break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is gone. Its okay if the salt crystals hiss and move a little.Turn off the burner and collect your salt. Although some impurities remain in the materials, many of them were removed simply by using the difference in solubility in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying heat to drive off volatile compounds. Crystallization If you want to further purify the salt, you can dissolve your product in hot water and crystallize the sodium chloride from it.

How do you use your time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How do you use your time - Essay Example his situation nudges at family and career values which would place me in a dilemma of making an effort of spending time with family and risking exhaustion before my business meeting. My cousin is earnest but not demanding in his invite. His personal credibility is beyond reproach and he is fair enough in not expecting my full commitment to the occasion. His intention in speaking to me is a motive bound in family values and he does not display any intention aside from inviting me to the occasion. His intention is also persuasive but not insistent. As an audience to his request, the family link played a large part in deciding whether or not I would or should consider his request. He knew that I too was aware of the importance of family and that there were already fewer occasions when the extended family got to gather and mingle with each other. This rhetorical situation revolves around the issue of whether or not I should give time for my family on an otherwise uneventful weekend and risk being too weary for my business travel on the weekday work week; or whether or not I should not join family and friends for a gathering in order to stay refreshed for my business engagement. The main lines of reasoning or argument used in this rhetorical situation are my obligation to family and my duty to my career – to perform at 100% capability during the weekday workweek. My cousin is quick to remind me the value of family, but I would have to make a crucial choice on the situation in a few hours time. My cousin appeals not so much on reason but on my emotions and obligations to my family. He is knowledgeable of the fact that I would really be too tired from travelling to and from the baptism and then again for my business trip. Based on that assessment alone, reason would dictate that I would be compromising the quality of my work when the weekday would come. And he does not bring that logical part of the issue in the conversation. Instead, he appeals to my

Nature, perception, reflection and conservation Essay

Nature, perception, reflection and conservation - Essay Example Similarly, Susan Sontag has used imagery throughout his writing to describe the war and its effect. However, the themes of these writers differ as one focuses on nature and the other talks of photography. In his ‘Windstorm in the forest’, John Muir tries to a great extent to personify the nature and the things of nature that are nonhuman. The nonhuman characters such as wind and trees in the forest have been gives both human and superhuman characters. This allows the writer to express his view of beauty and strength of the forest. The whole essay has not mentioned God but a supernatural power is seen to control all these events. The author describes this as nature. The nature in this essay is therefore, given a supernatural power to be in control of the forest. Comparison of nature with human acts is applied by the author. The use of metaphors is used where the wind is allowed by the author in his writing to go to every tree and finger the flowers and the leaves. The storms and their effects are also personified as gardeners. The forest is worked upon and therefore, seen as the patient. Trees in this essay have full human character such as arms, they talk, and swing. Thi s form of writing makes the essay lively and flowing. Susan Sontag focuses on how war photography expresses the effect of military violence. Her description of the photographs of Civil War in New York creates a lot of imagery in her essay. There is a good explanation of how the cameras and videos transform sensibility and vision. She argues that the camera man allows the photos viewer to see only what he or she wants them to see. Casual snapshot expresses a metaphysical aggression against people. Instead of photographs to provide knowledge, they provide what she referred to a semblance of knowledge. Those people who have never experienced war have the wrong knowledge about it from the war photographers (Berry 76). The aim of Sontag in her essay is to give statement

How has the Zapatista Army of National Liberation contributed to Research Paper

How has the Zapatista Army of National Liberation contributed to Democracy in Mexico - Research Paper Example They started out as a small group of progressive Indians which eventually grew into thousands. They organized themselves in the jungle, away from the prying eyes of the government and its ruthless military. The EZLN’s history did not happen overnight. It was the product of careful and clandestine planning and organizing. â€Å"We did that for many years, and we did it in secret, without making a stir.   In other words, we joined forces in silence.3† After ten years of organizing and training in the jungles of Chiapas, The Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion or EZLN was born, otherwise known as the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. They took the name of Emiliano Zapata, a Mexican Revolution hero who championed land reform in Mexico and is also celebrated as the champion of the indigenous people in Southern Mexico.4 EZLN is a revolutionary group that adheres to the ideals of non-violence. Throughout their history, the only instance of violence on record is the 12 days of armed fighting following the January 1, 1994 takeover of four municipalities in Chiapas, namely, San Cristobal de las Casas, las Margaritas, Altamiro, and Ocosingo.5 Almost apologetic to the affected citizens and civilians, they put great emphasis on their declaration that the armed struggle was a measure of last resort because their previous nonviolent actions received little to no government attention and response.6 After 12 days of armed fighting and bloodshed on both sides, the Mexican government and the Zapatista entered into a ceasefire to make way for a peace process. Since then, the EZLN have successfully continued on the fight without shedding blood, combatant or civilians although they have continued with their member’s training in the handling of weapons and arsenals. Nevertheless, the Zapatista is still a military movement. Oxymoron as it may sound, but the Zapatista is an armed movement that carries its struggle in nonviolent ways.7 In the very same way that the EZLN seem to contradict itself on its position on the issues of violence and rebellion, their ideology is also a subject of debate. This confusion is brought by the lack of a categorical statement from the Zapatistas themselves as to their specific ideology. Their enumeration of goals and demands which could be identified with the ideals and ends sought by groups from both ends, including those in between of the political spectrum does little to no help either. In their various declarations, they merely refer to themselves as the â€Å"simple and humble† â€Å"Zapatistas of the EZLN.†8 On the one hand, there are some who observes that the EZLN rose out of the ranks of the leftist movements that espouse Marxist-Leninist ideals. It is argued that their demands enumerated in the First Declaration of the Lancandon Jungle are in accord with the leftist sentiments. The EZLN’s demands include "work, land, housing, food, health, education, independence, liberty, dem ocracy, justice, and

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 - Essay Example It is therefore important to address the issue of whether criminal background should be applied in a blanket manner to influence hiring decisions. According to the every person should be given a second chance at proving their suitability to perform. Employers are faced with the ethical dilemma of balancing the safety of their businesses with fairness and in certain instances declining someone’s application for job could result into legal sues. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the year 2012 released guidelines that prohibit adoption of blanket policies in disqualifying job applicants based on their past criminal records. a past a criminal record doesn’t mean one is incapacitated and EEOC holds that blanket policies treating blacks and Latinos having criminal pasts differently from whites is discriminative and hence illegal. Regardless of whether employers equally apply a law, it is illegal for as longs it harms certain protected groups more than others. This does not prohibit employers from conducting criminal background checks but requires them to prove that their policies are able to link certain c riminal offences and their danger with those risks inherent to particular job positions. In conclusion therefore criminal background checks if not carefully conducted can be discriminative and as such employers are to strive and meet the legal EEOC’S guidelines. Ones criminal past should be checked in terms of nature and gravity, the time that has gone by since one was convicted or completed their sentence and type of job one is applying for. employers should try not apply blanket policies by initiating the criminal backgrounds checks at least at interview level, ensure their policies are in line with necessities of the business, ensure fairness and constantly train the HR teams to apply the best practices of hiring and also

Restaurant Management Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Restaurant Management - Outline Example This outline follows the analysis, that is done before opening of any sort of business enterprise in today’s environment. Though one might surmise that a food and drink related business like a restaurant would be readily accepted by the local and visiting clientele of any area of London, tastes and traditions differ and one has to account for the different wishes and requirements of various social groups. For example, the pricing of the items must be kept such that the customers can afford a meal now and then, with continuing attractions like foreign cuisine and local celebrations being the focus of attention for the new and existing customers. The success of any business venture is based on the mix of new and old customers returning to the restaurant again and again. At the same time, cooking, presentation and quality standards must be ensured. Conducting a feasibility study for developing a new business requires analysis of present and likely future market conditions. The lo cation and look of the restaurant, proximity to public shopping areas, internal ambience and quality of meals and service were analyzed in this outline, as well as a variety of good ideas to keep the customers interested, that are mentines as key factors of success. In conclusion, the researcher excretes the main means to an end, such as local culture, traditional delicacies, kids corner, free parking and good locale and outdoor eating habits of Cheltenham residents, which he is confident will make this venture a resounding success.

The future of the human evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The future of the human evolution - Essay Example In his book, Darwin of the eighties, sought to explain the evolution of man as a process of natural selection. Darwin proposes four components of natural selection. First, he argues that characters within a population exhibit variations in appearance and conduct. This may be in terms of height, skin color or even body size. Darwin also talks about heritable traits, which are passed on from parents to offspring as opposed to traits powered by environmental conditions. His third component concerns population growth, which at times leads to mortality in cases where the resources cannot support the high population. The fourth component is derived from the third, in which Darwin argues that individuals with desirable traits will always survive in such an environment and give rise the next generation. This is known as natural selection, in which individuals struggle to survive and nature favors the strong. Based on this theory, human beings then have a high chance of evolving, powered by t he advancement in technological innovations, which will enable them survive. Variations among individuals within a population are occasioned by genetic differences. Genes are the materials through which traits are inherited from parents to offspring. ... Not all mutations are detrimental: a mutation in the brain of the Australopithecus enabled him to develop a larger brain and evolve into a hominid. Technological knowhow, however, has been seen to interfere with natural selection. Today, medics have come up with medicine to prolong the lives of mutants, thus encouraging the survival of weaklings which ultimately affects future generations. This means that individuals with desirable traits might mate with mutants and bring forth changes in the human race. This will lead to evolution, which will be occasioned by mutation. Consequently, future generations of human beings might not be able to survive. This not withstanding, not all mutations are negative. Some mutations may be advantageous to the human race. This perception has led to medical practitioners trying to come up with genetically modified human beings known as clones. These clones are designed to have all the positive attributes of their original humans and thus be more suitab ly adapted to live on earth. Human migration might also affect future evolution in terms of gene flow, which is a process of interbreeding between different populations of a given species (Mayr pp.55). When a person migrates from his original place of birth to go to another country, he is bound to start a family with the local people. This leads to the emergence of a new breed of people carrying the genes of both parents. An example of this is the era of the trans-Atlantic trade in which, many able bodied African men were shipped off to the United States to work as slaves. They later married the local women and gave rise to the African Americans. The latter were seen to have inherited most of